The Etomidate brand name in common use is Amidate. Amidate is a carboxylated imidazole compound. The imidazole nucleus renders etomidate, like midazolam, water soluble at an acidic pH and lipid soluble at physiologic pH. It is a non-barbiturate hypnotic without analgesic properties that has less cardiovascular and respiratory depressant actions than sodium thiopental. This lipophilic […]
The binding site is called the ‘receptor’ and the mechanism as opioid receptor mechanism . Any pharmacological activity requires an agent, a target organ and a specific binding site in that organ. The receptor due to its affinity to the drug and opioid receptor mechanism , permits attachment of the drug to itself, which then
Oral transmucosal etomidate produces dose-related increases in sedation and clinically significant serum concentrations. Animal studies documented etomidate as highly permeable through the buccal mucosa with rapid onset and offset suggesting that oral transmucosal etomidate might be useful when brief mild to moderate sedation with rapid recovery is desirable. Oral transmucosal etomidate exhibited linear pharmacokinetics with
Acupuncture physiotherapy pain reduction technique is an ancient Chinese modality used for various chronic painful conditions, in addition to non pain related problems like acute asthma, chronic sinusitis, etc. The human body has a life force or energy flowing — Chi. This life force is flowing through various channels — Meridians. The life force (Chi)
Propofol phosphate, a water soluble propofol prodrug which is enzymatically converted to propofol, formaldehyde and inorganic phosphate, has been shown to produce sedation and anesthesia. A vegetarian formulation of propofol, Cleofol, has been used in a patient from the Jam community of India. Because it contains no lipid vehicles it is devoid of triglyceridaemia and
To know about Ketamine mechanism of action we need to know that Ketamine is a non-competitive antagonist to the phencyclidine site of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor for glutamate, though Ketamine mechanism of action has effects that are mediated by interaction with many others receptors. N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Antagonism : NMDA receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that are
Flumazenil or Anexate is an imidazo benzodiazepine that binds competitively to BDZ receptors and antagonizes many of the actions of benzodiazepines. Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist. It does not block the pharmacologic effects of GABA or all GABA mimetic but it specifically antagonizes the actions of benzodiazepines. Given alone, it has minimal effect on the
John Mayow of Oxford in 1674 first observed that a component of air is essential for respiration and fire. Stephen Hale prepared oxygen along with other gases in 1927, thus making a memorable mark in the history of oxygen . Discovery, importance and history of oxygen are credited to Priestly (1777), who named it as
Glucocorticoid therapy are most commonly used to mitigate an inflammatory response. They are used in a wide variety of patient populations seen in the intensive care unit (ICU). Unfortunately, these agents have many side effects, which often limit their use. In the ICU setting, the functions most commonly affected are endocrine regulation, immune response, and
Benzodiazepines dependence may produce physical and psychological dependence after chronic (>6 months) use of commonly prescribed low-potency benzodiazepines. Withdrawal symptoms (irritability, insomnia, tremulousness) appear within 1 to 2 days for short-acting benzodiazepines dependence and within 2 to 5 days for longer-acting drugs. When administered to patients who have benzodiazepine induced CNS depression of benzodiazepines dependance, flumazenil produces rapid and dependable
