Withdrawal from alcohol is a serious and common complication associated with hospitalization that can result in the condition known as delirium tremens. Many patients who consume alcohol cease drinking on or prior to admission for both voluntary and involuntary reasons. A patient does not need to be an alcoholic by medical definition to be at
Stored blood is one of the commonest transfused volume replacements. Blood is stored in the cold part of refrigerator at 4°C (never in the freezer). Since blood from donors it taken long before it has to be given to a patient, it is stored in the meantime in refrigerator to preserve it from getting spoiled. It can be
Autologous blood Transfusion Techniques: AutoIogous Blood The blood of a person himself is called as autologous blood. Usually, 3 to 4 units of patient’s own blood are taken 4 to 6 weeks before surgery but hematocrit should not be allowed to fall below 35% and hemoglobin less than 11 g%. The patient’s blood is transfused back
A common mistake made by many clinicians is that they confuse cardiac output for Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction. Lets see how Cardiac Output is not Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction . Cardiac output equals the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute, whereas stroke volume (SV) is the amount pumped on a single beat. Cardiac output
Cardiac Output is not Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Read More »
In the atmosphere it is present in the concentration of 0.003%. It is stored as high pressure gas in the cylinders. There are several effects of helium Inhalation . The medical diagnostic utility is secondary to its low density, insolubility and thermal conductivity. • Molecular weight is 4. • Specific gravity is 176. • It
Oxygen partial pressure decreases to 100 mm Hg up to alveoli. Oxygen tension in venous blood is 40 mm Hg. About one-fifth (20.9%) of air contains oxygen. In the inspired air, oxygen has partial pressure at 1/5 of the atmospheric pressure, i.e., 159 mm Hg. The larger the O2 or CO2 tension difference between the
Intensive care unit scoring systems or ICU scoring systems like APACHE and SAPS fall into two broad categories. Risk prediction (also called prognostic) models are designed to assess prognosis at the time of admission to the ICU or within the first 24 hours. Severity-of-illness scoring systems are used in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting as tools
Little substantial human data exists concerning the impact of fluids on the brain, which may guide rational IV Fluid Replacement in neurosurgical patients. Therefore, recommendations arise from known factors that influence water movement into the brain. IV Fluid Replacement in neurosurgical patients can alter three properties of the blood, viz., osmolality, colloid oncotic pressure and
Carbon dioxide was discovered by Von Helmont and was isolated by Joseph Black in 1757. Physical properties of carbon dioxide were shown by Yandell Henderson in 1925 and J S Haldane in 1926. It was frequently used to stimulate respiration and there was provision for carbon dioxide cylinders on old Boyle’s machines. The physical properties of
Acute Systemic lupus erythematosus (Acute SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease caused by autoantibodies and the deposition of immune complexes. The disease affects primarily women and has a higher prevalence among African Americans. A series of clinical findings is associated with acute SLE. These include a characteristic malar rash, photosensitivity, arthritis, serositis, and a discoid
