A common mistake made by many clinicians is that they confuse cardiac output for Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction. Lets see how Cardiac Output is not Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction . Cardiac output equals the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute, whereas stroke volume (SV) is the amount pumped on a single beat. Cardiac output […]
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Clinical Causes of Hypoxia During Anesthesia Every doctor should know the answer to the basic question What causes Hypoxia . Factors responsible: 1. Preanaesthesia factors • Poor physiological status • Drug intake • Premedication with narcotics and sedatives depress the respiration • Decreased compensatory mechanism due to any cause 2. Decreased partial pressure and concentration of the inspired oxygen in
The postoperative management of a kidney transplant recipient requires meticulous monitoring of urine output and electrolyte levels. Renal allografts will not necessarily make urine as soon as they are reperfused. Depending on the particular center, the incidence of delayed graft function ranges from 5% to 15% in cadaveric and from 0% to 5% in live
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In the atmosphere it is present in the concentration of 0.003%. It is stored as high pressure gas in the cylinders. There are several effects of helium Inhalation . The medical diagnostic utility is secondary to its low density, insolubility and thermal conductivity. • Molecular weight is 4. • Specific gravity is 176. • It
Autologous blood Transfusion Techniques: AutoIogous Blood The blood of a person himself is called as autologous blood. Usually, 3 to 4 units of patient’s own blood are taken 4 to 6 weeks before surgery but hematocrit should not be allowed to fall below 35% and hemoglobin less than 11 g%. The patient’s blood is transfused back
The preparation of carbon dioxide gas is needed before it is actually stored in cylinders. The preparation of carbon dioxide gas is done though following steps : 1. From fermentation in the brewing of beer 2. By-product of manufacture of hydrogen in petroleum refining 3. Combustion of other fuels 4. By heating magnesium and calcium
Heliox is a mixture of Helium and oxygen being considered for use in asthma patients. Therapeutic strategies for patients with pulmonary medicine often employ bronchodilators or corticosteroids to reduce airway resistance and improve airflow. As an alternative strategy, viscosity and density of the atmosphere manipulated to the same desired effect. Air consists of 21% oxygen, with
Percutaneous coronary intervention or pci cardiac with stenting has revolutionized the care for patients with acute myocardial infarctions. Intracoronary stent placement in pci cardiac reduces the long-termrecurrence of stenosis. In addition, the combination of stenting with administration of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa) inhibitor agents, which prohibit the binding of fibrinogen and proteins to platelets, has
There are 4 types of Hypoxia . The 4 types of Hypoxia are as follows: 1. Anoxic hypoxia or Diffusion hypoxia Anoxic hypoxia also called as diffusion hypoxia is essentially due to the deficiency of oxygen being absorbed by the lungs. This is either due to a decrease in the inspired concentration of oxygen in the air
AMBU Ventilation is an important part in resuscitation of an apnoeic person or a person who is not breathing. The AMBU of an AMBU bag is an abbreviation for ‘Artificial Manual Breathing Unit’. The AMBU bag is used to ventilate the patient. An AMBU Ventilation unit consists of one self inflating bag made up of
