Autonomic dysreflexia is an acute syndrome that frequently occurs in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients with a level usually above T6. It is characterized by excessive unmodulated sympathetic outflow in response to noxious stimuli below the spinal cord level. This can lead to dangerous elevations of blood pressure with disastrous clinical sequelae. Pathophysiology of Autonomic
Introduction to Laparoscopic Appendicectomy Laparoscopic appendicectomy, a minimally invasive surgical procedure, has gained prominence as an effective treatment for acute appendicitis. This technique involves the use of small incisions and specialized instruments, allowing surgeons to remove the inflamed appendix with reduced trauma to the surrounding tissues. The primary indications for laparoscopic appendicectomy include acute appendicitis,
Anaesthesia for Laparoscopic Appendicectomy: A Comprehensive Guide Read More »
All hypnotics drugs act on different subunits of GABA receptors. Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA): This is a major inhibitory amino acid Neuro Transmitter in the brain; its synthesis from glutamate is catalyzed by the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase. It binds to either GABA-A or GABA-B receptor following its release from the presynaptic vesicles. GABA-
The Importance of Managing Pain After Hip Surgery Undergoing hip surgery is a significant medical procedure that can greatly improve one’s quality of life. However, it is not without its challenges, particularly when it comes to managing post-operative pain. Proper pain management is crucial for a successful recovery and ensuring patient comfort during the healing
Managing Pain After Hip Surgery: Understanding Severity and Exploring Analgesia Options Read More »
The diaphragm function is the most important determinant of the depth of respiration especially the inspiration. The Diaphragm is the muscle that separates the thorax from the abdomen. It is a thin sheet like muscle that has the right and the left crura. The diaphragm act as a partition between the two major cavities of the
The Poynting effect refers to the phenomenon where mixing of liquid nitrous oxide at low pressure with oxygen at high pressure (in Entonox) leads to formation of gas of nitrous oxide. So oxygen and nitrous oxide both are present in gaseous state in Entonox cylinder. In anesthesia practice the Poynting effect is seen in the
The kinetics of the anaesthetic agents during recovery from inhalant anesthesia are a reversal of the mechanism seen during induction. On cessation of anaesthetic agent, the fall in alveolar concentration is immediate. The gradient between venous blood and alveoli drives the anaesthetic into the alveoli. In terms of recovery from inhalant anesthesia , the poorly
Lesions requiring Cranial Base Surgery represent a heterogeneous group of lesions and vascular malformations associated with cranial base bony structures. These pathologies provide a challenging situation for both neurosurgeon and neuroanaesthesiologist. There is abundance of structures especially vital centers in a relatively smaller infratentorial space. Many patients present with signs and symptoms of brain stem
Neuroleptanalgesia Neuroleptanalgesia is method of IV anesthesia which combines at neuroleptic drug with opioid analgesic drug. The most favored combination is neuroleptic droperidol and the analgesic fentanyl. The combination used neuroleptanalgesia induces state which is different from usual general anesthesia. Because the patient is awake during surgery and is cooperative during the operative and surgical
Entotracheal intubation is a life saving technique used frequently in emergencies and in operation theaters. Hence, the Intubation Indications need to be known to all doctors. The Major intubation indications are as follows: For ventilation of the patient: When the patient is unconscious or in a state of apnoea, where he is not breathing, Intubation
