Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a hypermetabolic disorder of skeletal muscle that is triggered in susceptible individuals by several inhalation anesthetic agents (sevoflurane, desflurane, isoflurane, halothane, enflurane, and methoxyflurane) and succinylcholine. These anesthetic triggers cause intracellular hypercalcemia in skeletal muscle by decreasing the uptake of calcium by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The intracellular hypercalcemia activates metabolic pathways […]
Some of the Enflurane side effects are studied below. There is a narrow margin of safety between adequate anaesthesia, unacceptable hypotension and myocardial depression. One of the enflurane side effects includes the seizure activity is rare and without sequelae. Hepatic dysfunction is rare but cross sensitization with other volatile inhalation agents possible. With prolonged anaesthesia
Ether effects all the systems of the body. A brief account is given below. Ether effects on Cardiovascular system: It does not depress myocardium rather it stimulates sympathetic system causing tachycardia and hypertension. Baroreceptor reflex is preserved with ether so ether can be used safely in patients with shock. Respiratory system: It does not depress respiration rather
In normal Blood Brain Barrier functions the effective pore size of cerebral capillaries is 7-9 A°. This small pore size does not allow movement of small ions, i.e, Na, K and C1. Therefore, the fluid movement across the Blood Brain Barrier Functions is determined by the ‘total’ osmotic gradient, generated both by large molecules and
The kinetics of the anaesthetic agents during recovery from inhalant anesthesia are a reversal of the mechanism seen during induction. On cessation of anaesthetic agent, the fall in alveolar concentration is immediate. The gradient between venous blood and alveoli drives the anaesthetic into the alveoli. In terms of recovery from inhalant anesthesia , the poorly
Pentazocine injection is a synthetic narcotic analgesic derived from benzomorphan. Pentazocine Potency Its analgesic potency of 30 mg is said to be equal to 10 mg of morphine or 75 to 100 mg of pethidine. Pentazocine Dose The usual dose in adults is 20 to 60 mg i.m. (about 1 mg/kg). The oral dose ranges from
Sevoflurane Inhalation anesthetic was synthesized by Baxter Laboratories (1960) but introduced into clinical practice in Japan in 1990, now widely used the world over. Unlike isoflurane it does not exist as an optical isomer, it does not have an asymmetric atom. It contains only fluorine atoms, so it does not affect the ozone layer in
Benzodiazepines or BDZ are compounds have largely replaced the barbiturates as hypnotics and act as sedatives, anticonvulsants, muscle relaxants and anesthetic agents. Mechanism of action of Benzodiazepines or BDZ Benzodiazepines or BDZ bind selectively to the a subunit of the GABA-A receptors surrounding the chloride channels in the CNS, a site distinct from that to which
The growth is reflected in the specialty of Neuroanesthesia Monitoring . These advances result in an abundance of data on which the treating physician can base his clinical decision. Every branch of medicine is advancing at a fast pace with the introduction of newer diagnostic modalities, treatment options and identification of more reliable prognostic indicators.
Ether is still very rarely used in many Developing countries like India. First public demonstration of ether was given by W.T.G. Morton on I6th October 1846 for the removal of jaw tumor. Physical Properties of Ether : • It is pungent smelling liquid decomposes in presence of light, air and heat so stored in amber
