Apart from the traditional tubes used for endotracheal intubation, other tubes like R.A.E tube, Endotrol tube and Double lumen tube. R.A.E. tube : The R.A.E. tube is named after the name of 3 scientists — Ring, Adair and Elwyn. R.A.E tube is of two types: • South facing: Used for upper cleft lip and cleft
The discovery of anesthesia Inhalation agents heralded the era of modem anesthesia. In 1842, the first general anesthetic administered was recorded by CF Long and W Clarke using diethyl ether; however, they did not publicize it. The first successful public demonstration of anesthesia Inhalation agents was by W.T.G. Morton on 10th October 1846 at the Massachusetts General Hospital Boston,
The anesthesiologist should know that the essential element of an “anesthetic” for an Awake Craniotomy Anesthesia is the surgeon’s local anesthetic technique. Craniotomy is required for removal of space occupying lesions, intracranial vascular pathologies and for drainage of extradural or intradural haematoma. Most important postoperative considerations are regulation of patient’s ICP status, maintenance of cerebral
Anesthesia gases are the gases used to anesthetize a patient for surgery. The common gases used in general Anesthesia are: Oxygen Nitrous Oxide Air Halothane Sevoflurane Desflurane Isoflurane and many more… Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the popular anesthesia gases and is not metabolized in human tissue, however it reacts with vitamin 812 and
When it comes to total knee replacement surgery, managing pain and providing effective analgesia is of utmost importance. The procedure itself can be quite invasive and painful, and it is crucial to ensure that patients are comfortable and experience minimal discomfort throughout their recovery process. In this article, we will explore the various options available
Capnography is the continuous measurement of end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) and its waveform. The normal recording from a Capnography is between 32 to 42 mmHg (3 to 4 mmHg less than arterial pCO2 which is 35 to 45 mmHg). Capnography works on the principle that infrared light is absorbed by carbon dioxide. And this
An important part of rapid sequence induction is Cricoid pressure was first described by Sellick in 1961, hence it is called as sellicks manoeuvre. The Cricoid pressure is used for the compession of the upper esophagus to close the aspiration of gastric contents during rapid sequence intubation. Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents occurs usually in
Laryngeal Mask Airway or LMA was discovered by Archies Brain so also called as a Brain Mask. LMA are special type of airways which are useful in difficult intubation. It is placed blindly in the oropharynx and the cuff is inflated with large volume of air tat is about 30 to 40 ml for a
Hepatotoxicily has been seen since the introduction of anesthetics. Chloroform and trichloroethylene have been abandoned for toxicity of inhalational anesthesia . The toxicity may be intrinsic as seen with Chloroform or acetaminophen. Halothane exhibits an allergic or hypersensitivity reaction to a drug metabolite protein. The toxicity of inhalational anesthesia with the incidence of liver injury is Halothane> Isoflurane
Total dead space (Physiological dead space) = Anatomical dead space + Alveolar dead space. Anatomical Dead Space It is constituted by air which is not participating in diffusion. Therefore it is constituted by air present in nose, trachea and bronchial tree (up to terminal bronchioles). Normally it is 30% of tidal volume or 2 ml/kg or 150 ml. Anatomical dead
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