Halothane Malignant hyperthermia syndrome may be triggered by halothane, it is an autosomal dominant inherited condition. There is a massive release of intracellular calcium from the sarcoplasm of the muscle. An increased metabolism results in rise in temperature of 2°C per hour, severe acidzsis, rhabdomyolysis, with associated hyperkalaemia. Mortality is 70%. Treatment is by active […]
One of the most dreaded Halothane Complications is hepatic injury. There are two types, the first which is a transient sub clinical type with increases in liver enzymes. Halothane Complications may occur due to decreased hepatic blood flow and reductive biotransformation. Secondly, fatal hepatic necrosis may occur up to one month after exposure. The National Halothane
Nitrous Oxide Effects the brain and induced analgesia or pain relief and anesthesia. Nitrous Oxide Effects includes the cardiovascular system as well. Nitrous oxide is a myocardial depressant and reduces the cardiac output. This is offset by an increase in sympathetic nerve activity resulting in peripheral vasoconstriction and thereby a minimal change in blood pressure.
Ethyl Chloride Anesthesia is a potent anesthetic. If it has a boiling point of 12.5°C and hence is a gas at room temperature, so it is liquefied and stored under pressure in a bottle with a cap and seal. It is used as a spray. Though ethyl chloride induces anesthesia quickly, the maintenance of a steady
Cerebral Aneurysm Clipping is one of the important modalities for the treatment of aneuryms apart from coiling so the anesthetic management of such cases is as follows. Skull is a fixed vault and most intracerebral structures are relatively in compressible, hence even a small haemorrhage can result in a significant anatomic distortion producing significant rise in ICP
There is very little airway irritation, hence used for inhalation induction especially in children. One of the halothane respiratory effects is that it is a potent respiratory depressant, reduces tidal volume and alveolar minute ventilation. The ventilatory response to raised Paco2 and reduced Pao, may be reduced due to depression of peripheral chemoreceptors in the
Total dead space (Physiological dead space) = Anatomical dead space + Alveolar dead space. Anatomical Dead Space It is constituted by air which is not participating in diffusion. Therefore it is constituted by air present in nose, trachea and bronchial tree (up to terminal bronchioles). Normally it is 30% of tidal volume or 2 ml/kg or 150 ml. Anatomical dead
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When it comes to undergoing a surgical procedure, one of the most important decisions to make is the choice between regional anaesthesia and general anaesthesia. Both options have their advantages and disadvantages, but in this article, we will focus on the benefits of regional anaesthesia over general anaesthesia. What is Regional Anaesthesia? Regional anaesthesia involves
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Enflurane is not a very commonly used agent in the developing counties although its usage is on in America. It is a newer inhalational agent like that of halothane. Enflurane is halogenated ether. Enflurane Physical Properties : It is a Colorless gas. It has ethereal odor. It is Non inflammable at clinical concentration but inflammable
IV Anesthesia or intravenous anesthesia is when anesthesia is given through a vein through injections. Anesthesia is usually started or induced with intravenous or IV anesthesia drugs. The different IV Anesthesia drugs are: Thiopental sodium Midazolam Methohexitone Ketamine Etomidate Propofol Some Steroids Ultra short acting barbiturates The ultra-short acting barbiturates administered as IV Anesthesia to
