Spirometer is the instrument used to measure following lung volumes. Normal Spirometry Values are very important and a good doctor especially an anesthetist should always remember the approximate values of them. The Normal Spirometry Values are: • Tidal volume is 400 to 500 ml (10 mI/kg). • Inspiratory reserve volume is is 2,400 to 2,600 […]
The Poynting effect refers to the phenomenon where mixing of liquid nitrous oxide at low pressure with oxygen at high pressure (in Entonox) leads to formation of gas of nitrous oxide. So oxygen and nitrous oxide both are present in gaseous state in Entonox cylinder. In anesthesia practice the Poynting effect is seen in the
Autonomic dysreflexia is an acute syndrome that frequently occurs in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients with a level usually above T6. It is characterized by excessive unmodulated sympathetic outflow in response to noxious stimuli below the spinal cord level. This can lead to dangerous elevations of blood pressure with disastrous clinical sequelae. Pathophysiology of Autonomic
N20 is minimally metabolized. Nitrous oxide metabolism shows us that N20 oxidizes the cobalt in vitamin B12, converting the monovalent form to bivalent form which fails to function as a methyl carrier. Nitrous oxide metabolism is an irreversible oxidation. Vitamin B12 is a cofactor for methionine synthetase and is involved in the production of 5,10
One of the Sevoflurane cardiovascular effects is that the Sevoflurane has minimal effect on heart rate. There is a fall in systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure, but less than isoflurane. Also Sevoflurane cardiovascular effects are complex such as the pulmonary arterial pressure is also reduced. There is a lesser depression of left ventricular systolic
The Importance of Managing Pain After Hip Surgery Undergoing hip surgery is a significant medical procedure that can greatly improve one’s quality of life. However, it is not without its challenges, particularly when it comes to managing post-operative pain. Proper pain management is crucial for a successful recovery and ensuring patient comfort during the healing
Managing Pain After Hip Surgery: Understanding Severity and Exploring Analgesia Options Read More »
Ethyl Chloride Anesthesia is a potent anesthetic. If it has a boiling point of 12.5°C and hence is a gas at room temperature, so it is liquefied and stored under pressure in a bottle with a cap and seal. It is used as a spray. Though ethyl chloride induces anesthesia quickly, the maintenance of a steady
In normal Blood Brain Barrier functions the effective pore size of cerebral capillaries is 7-9 A°. This small pore size does not allow movement of small ions, i.e, Na, K and C1. Therefore, the fluid movement across the Blood Brain Barrier Functions is determined by the ‘total’ osmotic gradient, generated both by large molecules and
Introduction to Obesity and its Challenges Obesity is a complex, multifactorial health condition characterized by an excessive amount of body fat, significantly impacting an individual’s overall health and well-being. Defined by a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher, obesity has reached alarming prevalence rates worldwide, becoming a major public health concern. The World
Charle’s Law: A Fundamental Gas Law What is Charle’s Law? Charle’s Law is a fundamental principle in thermodynamics that describes how gases behave under varying conditions of temperature and volume. Formulated by Jacques Charles in the late 18th century, this law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature,
