N20 is minimally metabolized. Nitrous oxide metabolism shows us that N20 oxidizes the cobalt in vitamin B12, converting the monovalent form to bivalent form which fails to function as a methyl carrier. Nitrous oxide metabolism is an irreversible oxidation. Vitamin B12 is a cofactor for methionine synthetase and is involved in the production of 5,10
The diaphragm function is the most important determinant of the depth of respiration especially the inspiration. The Diaphragm is the muscle that separates the thorax from the abdomen. It is a thin sheet like muscle that has the right and the left crura. The diaphragm act as a partition between the two major cavities of the
Understanding Granisetron’s Use in Anesthesia for Nausea and Vomiting When undergoing anesthesia, one of the common side effects that patients may experience is nausea and vomiting. These unpleasant symptoms can not only cause discomfort but also delay the recovery process. To alleviate this, healthcare professionals may administer medications like granisetron. In this article, we will
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Lesions requiring Cranial Base Surgery represent a heterogeneous group of lesions and vascular malformations associated with cranial base bony structures. These pathologies provide a challenging situation for both neurosurgeon and neuroanaesthesiologist. There is abundance of structures especially vital centers in a relatively smaller infratentorial space. Many patients present with signs and symptoms of brain stem
The reduced cerebrovascular resistance at the site of Arteriovenous Malformations AVMs lead to an increase in blood flow to this area and the formation of a lower resistance shunt along with peri-infarction oedema. They usually represent a high-flow and low-resistance shunts with systemic arterial pressure more than the vascular intramural pressure ; so, rupture does
Anesthetic Ethyl Chloride Spray is first sprayed in the mask, as it is pleasant and potent, it produces unconsciousness in 1-2 minutes. Ether is then introduced till the patient is anesthetized to Guedel ‘s stage III and plane H when respiration is regular, eye movements cease, pupils are in mid position and reflexes absent (eyelid,
Desflurane mechanism of action is briefly studied. There is a dose-dependent suppression of EEG, at MAC greater than 1.66 the LEG becomes isoelectric. There is no evidence of epileptiform activity. It decreases the amplitude of somatosensory evoked potentials. There is a dose-dependent decrease in cerebral metabolism and cerebral vasodilatation. Cerebral autoregulation is impaired similar to
Anesthesia Physics are the very basics that involve the application of the laws of physics in anesthesia. Some knowledge of Physics is very important for anesthetists in their daily practice. The following are the important gas laws in Anesthesia Physics: BOYLE’S LAW At a constant temperature, volume of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure CHARLE’S LAW
When it comes to total knee replacement surgery, managing pain and providing effective analgesia is of utmost importance. The procedure itself can be quite invasive and painful, and it is crucial to ensure that patients are comfortable and experience minimal discomfort throughout their recovery process. In this article, we will explore the various options available
What is Tidal Volume? Tidal volume (VT) is a fundamental parameter in respiratory physiology, representing the amount of air that is inhaled or exhaled during a typical breathing cycle. It is a crucial aspect of pulmonary function that aids in understanding an individual’s respiratory health. Tidal volume is measured in milliliters (mL) and varies among
