Drugs

Nikethamide Analeptic

Nikethamide is a drug used for stimulating the brain. Its chemical name is nicotinic acid diethylamide. Nikethamide is a cerebral stimulant and a good analeptic. It stimulates respiration due to an effect on respiratory center and not through the chemoreceptors of the carotid and aortic bodies. It has a vasoconstrictor effect on the peripheral circulation. It has […]

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What are Barbiturates drugs and examples

What are Barbiturates drugs? Barbiturates are the derivatives of barbituric acid which is a condensation product of urea with malonic acid. Barbituric acid itself is devoid of any hypnotic activity. Barbiturates drugs are hardly soluble in water; however, their sodium salts form alkaline solutions in water. Conventionally, they are divided according to their duration of

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Barbiturate withdrawal symptoms

Barbiturate withdrawal is when sudden stopping of barbiturate drugs causes severe illness and withdrawal. This especially happens when infusions are given in the hospital and abruptly stopped. What are the Barbiturate withdrawal symptoms? In the First 12-16 hours: There is an observable improvement. After 16 hours: nausea, vomiting, anxiety, tremors, abdominal cramps, orthostatic hypotension, restlessness.

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Flumazenil or Anexate

Flumazenil or Anexate is an imidazo benzodiazepine that binds competitively to BDZ receptors and antagonizes many of the actions of benzodiazepines. Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist. It does not block the pharmacologic effects of GABA or all GABA mimetic but it specifically antagonizes the actions of benzodiazepines. Given alone, it has minimal effect on the

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Barbiturate Drugs

Barbiturate drugs are defined as any drug derived from barbitunc acid. Barbituric acid, which lacks central nervous system (CNS) activity, is a cyclic compound obtained by the combination of urea and malonic acid. Barbiturate drugs with sedative hypnotic properties result from substitutions at the number 2 and 5 carbon atoms of barbituric acid. Barbiturates that

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Non benzodiazepines like Zolpidem

Non benzodiazepines like Zolpidem Non benzodiazepines like zopiclone, Zolpidem, zaleplon and efzopiclone (Z agents) are the newer sedative hypnotic agents which have varied chemical structures. They bind selectively to a subset of benzodiazepine receptors and act as benzodiazepine receptor Agonists. Non benzodiazepines characteristic features are: As sedative-hypnotics, they are as effective as benzodiazepines and provide

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Effect of barbiturates drugs in cerebral ischemia

The primary mechanism of protection of barbiturates drugs in cerebral ischemia has been attributed to its ability to decrease the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2), thereby increasing the ratio of oxygen supply to oxygen demand. Barbiturates drugs have been the prototype for anesthetic protection against cerebral ischemia. The decrease in CMRO2 is accompanied by a parallel

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