Barbiturate drugs are defined as any drug derived from barbitunc acid. Barbituric acid, which lacks central nervous system (CNS) activity, is a cyclic compound obtained by the combination of urea and malonic acid. Barbiturate drugs with sedative hypnotic properties result from substitutions at the number 2 and 5 carbon atoms of barbituric acid. Barbiturates that
Midazolam drug interactions should be taken into account before administering this medication. The hypnotic effect of IV Midazolam and the risk of apnoea are accentuated by premedication, particularly narcotics (e.g., morphine, meperidine and fentanyl), secobarbital, and the droperidol-fentanyl combination. Consequently, the midazolam drug interactions should be adjusted according to the type and amount of premedication
Clinical Features for acute opioid toxicity treatment is necessary at times.The clinical occurrence of acute opioid toxicity is due to any of the following three main reasons: • Clinical overdosage: Either iatrogenic or patient-controlled analgesia pumps. • Accidental overdosage by addicts. • Attempts at suicide. Whatever might be the cause, “high degree of suspicion” is
Commonly administered IV anesthetics can cause excitatory effects that my manifest as spontaneous movements, such as etomidate myoclonus ,dystonia, and tremor. These spontaneous movements, particularly myoclonus, occur in 50% to 80% of patients receiving etomidate in the absence of premedication. In one report, 87% of patients receiving etomidate developed excitatory effects, of which 69% were
Diazepam effects produce minimal depressant effects on ventilation with 0.2 mg/kg IV dose in Respiration system. The slight increase in PaCO2 is due primarily to a decrease in tidal volume. Nevertheless, nearly, small doses of diazepam (<10 mg IV) have produced apnoea. Combination of diazepam with other CNS depressants (opioids, alcohol) or administration of this
The use of tens electrical stimulation to reduce the pain especially of postoperative nature is the main use of this technique. The tens electrical stimulation principle is again based on “gate control theory” of Melzaek and Wall, viz: small fibres stimulation leads to transmission of nociceptive stimuli via substantia gelatinosa (SG) cells which act as
Inhalation anesthetic mechanism of action after being administered and excreted via the lungs. The dose of the agent is defined by the fraction of inhaled concentration that equates with the blood concentration and not the total amount of drug administered. The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) was introduced in 1963 as a comparison of potency of
Reiki therapy techniques have been in practice since 2nd—3rd century; it was forgotten and about 130 years back was reinvented by Dr. Mikao Usui. WHO has defined it as “Non physical healing energy comprising universal life force energy (divine in nature) having its own intelligence”. Rei: means in Japanese, universal; Ki : life force energy
Propofol and egg allergy are quietly related as one of the side effects. Allergic reactions to propofol on first exposure are usually because of the isopropyl groups that may act as epitopes and that are present in various medications andcosmetics. Allergic reactions to propofol upon re-exposure are usually because of the phenol molecule. Propofol and
Etomidate induces loss of consciousness rapidly (5—15 seconds) and recovery occurs in 5 to 15 minutes. The elimination Etomidate half life is 4.6 +1- 2.6 hours and total apparent volume of distribution, 4.5 +/- 2.2 L/kg. The volume of distribution of etomidate half life is large, suggesting considerable tissue uptake. The plasma clearance is 879
