Diazepam effects produce minimal depressant effects on ventilation with 0.2 mg/kg IV dose in Respiration system. The slight increase in PaCO2 is due primarily to a decrease in tidal volume. Nevertheless, nearly, small doses of diazepam (<10 mg IV) have produced apnoea. Combination of diazepam with other CNS depressants (opioids, alcohol) or administration of this […]
Oxygenation capacity is the volume of oxygen at standard pressure and temperature carried by 100 mL of blood after saturation with room air. Oxygenation capacity includes the oxygen in combination with haemoglobin (1.39 mL/g) and oxygen in solution in plasma (0.3 mL). It should also be mentioned that most of the oxygen that dissolves in
Inhalation anesthetic mechanism of action after being administered and excreted via the lungs. The dose of the agent is defined by the fraction of inhaled concentration that equates with the blood concentration and not the total amount of drug administered. The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) was introduced in 1963 as a comparison of potency of
Ketamine Uses are many; here we are describing some of them. NMDA antagonists like ketamine were shown to be effective in suppressing the symptoms of opiate withdrawal. Subanesthetic doses (0.5 mg/kg/hour) of ketamine are effective in the correction of acute precipitated opiate withdrawal. Its use as an sedative is well known. The most common use
As a group, paediatric patients generally require higher doses of midazolam than do adults and younger children may require higher doses than older children. In obese individuals, the midazolam syrup dose should be calculated based on ideal body weight. Oral premedication: Oral midazolam syrup is effective for sedation and anxiolysis at the doses of 0.25—1
Propofol has a chemical structure similar to that of phenol-based free radical scavengers such as vitamin E, and reduces free radicals. This Propofol antioxidant may directly intervene at the critical phase of reperfusion injury by reducing free radicals, Ca 2+ influx and neutrophil activity. Oxygen leads to the formation of free oxygen radicals which react
One of the lorazepam uses , is that the Lorazepam undergoes reliable absorption after oral and I.M. injection. After oral administration, maximal plasma concentrations of lorazepam occur in 2 to 4 hours and persist at therapeutic levels for up to 24 to 48 hours. The recommended oral dose of lorazepam uses preoperative medication which is
Following are the therapeutic uses of opioid analgesics : 1. Pain relief: By any and all the possible routes, these drugs have been given to relieve the pain—acute, surgical, non-surgical, visceral, somatic, chronic, and oncogenic, non-oncogenic. 2. Morphine is drug of choice in IHD, myocardial infarction, obstetric analgesia. 3. Dyspnoea: Especially due to left ventricular
Ketamine is metabolized extensively by hepatic microsornal enzymes. Ketamine metabolism is demethylated to the corresponding N-desmethyl compound to form norketamine (about 60%) the main metabolite. Norketamine rapidly appears (approximately within 5 minutes) in plasma following ketamine administration and had a terminal half-life of 63.6 +1- 23.9 minutes. In animals, norketamine is one-fifth to one-third as
Lorazepam drip or Ativan drip is a frequently used sedative in the intensive care unit (ICU). It is a benzodiazepine that can be administered enterally, as intermittent parenteral doses, or as a continuous infusion. The beneficial effects of lorazepam drip include anterograde amnesia and an opioid-sparing effect via a moderation of the anticipatory pain response.
