Some of the Phenobarbital side effects are discussed. Intra-arterial injection of thiopental usually results in immediate, intense vasoconstriction and severe pain radiates along the distribution of the vessel into which it has been administered. Vasoconstriction may obscure distal arterial pulses, and blanching of the extremity is followed by cyanosis. In awake patients, hypoaesthesia, muscular weakness, […]
Oxygenation capacity is the volume of oxygen at standard pressure and temperature carried by 100 mL of blood after saturation with room air. Oxygenation capacity includes the oxygen in combination with haemoglobin (1.39 mL/g) and oxygen in solution in plasma (0.3 mL). It should also be mentioned that most of the oxygen that dissolves in
Succinylcholine hyperkalemia is hyperkalemia seen after the usage of succinylcholine. Succinylcholine is a depolarizing muscle relaxant used for urgent endotracheal intubation in the operating room, intensive care unit (ICU), and emergency department. The intravenous (IV) dose is 0.5 to 1.5 mg/kg. Time to effect is 1 minute and duration of action in patients with normal
Based on the pharmacokinetic parameters and reported clinical experience in preterm and term midazolam in neonates , continuous IV infusion of midazolam should be initiated at a rate of 0.0005 to 0.001 mg/kg/mm (0.5 to 1 mcg/kg/min). IV loading doses should not be used with midazolam in neonates ; rather the infusion may be run
Two classes of drugs exist GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors that inhibit these platelet effects at the level of the glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor on the platelet surface membrane. The first group are the thienopyridines (clopidogrel and ticlopidine). Current treatments for acute coronary syndromes including unstable angina and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction now include agents aimed at inhibiting platelet activation,
The fact that total body clearance of propofol metabolism exceeds hepatic blood flow is consistent with extra hepatic clearance. Indeed hepatic clearance of propofol was approximately 60% of total body clearance.Pulmonary uptake of propofol is significant and influences the initial availability of propofol. Human lungs take part in the elimination of propofol by transforming the
Diazepam half life could be observed during rapid absorption from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, reaching peak concentrations in about 1 hour in adults and within 15 to 30 minutes in children. There is rapid uptake of diazepam into the brain, followed by redistribution to inactive tissue sites. The Vd of diazepam is large,
Phenobarbital liver in the absence of other drugs, produces only modest decreases in hepatic blood flow. Induction doses of thiopental do not alter postoperative liver function tests. Barbiturates increase hepatic bile flow. However, there is no correlation between the increase in bile flow and the cytochrome P-450 concentration in the liver. Thiopental decreases intraocular pressure
Nikethamide is a drug used for stimulating the brain. Its chemical name is nicotinic acid diethylamide. Nikethamide is a cerebral stimulant and a good analeptic. It stimulates respiration due to an effect on respiratory center and not through the chemoreceptors of the carotid and aortic bodies. It has a vasoconstrictor effect on the peripheral circulation. It has
S-Ketamine is a water soluble molecule that structurally resembles phencyclidine. The commercial preparation of S-Ketamine is a racemic mixture of two optical enantiomers R(-) and S(+), and a preservative benzethonium chloride. The presence of asymmetric carbon atom results in the existence of two optical isomers of ketamine. The racemic form of ketamine has been the
