Lasix is known to cause Sulfa allergy. The decrease in sodium and chloride reabsorption seems to come from the fact that furosemide competes for the chloride position on the carrier. Furosemide (Lasix) is a member of the general class of loop diuretics that inhibit the Na+/K+/2Cl–cotransport carrier within the ascending limb of the loop of […]
Hypnotherapy placebo effect therapy most probably acts via, placebo effects/auto suggestion mechanisms. Anaesthesiologists have been practicing some form of suggestion therapy even in their day-to-day preoperative visits on the eve of surgery. Even a 5-minute preoperative visit will reduce anxiety of patient significantly. Hypnotherapy placebo effect or what was called mesmerism was described in late
Among benzodiazepine equivalence , differences in the onset and duration of action are due to their potency, lipid solubility and pharmacokinetics. Benzodiazepine equivalence is used to understand the relative differences in the action and effects of the different types of benzodiazepines. All benzodiazepines are highly lipid soluble and are highly bound to plasma proteins, especially
There are several uses of barbiturates . Thiopental sodium is used as (1) the sole anesthetic agent for brief (15 minute) procedures, (2) for induction of anesthesia prior to administration of other anesthetic agents, (3) to supplement regional anesthesia, (4) to provide hypnosis during balanced anesthesia with other agents for analgesia or muscle relaxation, (5)
Propofol decreases intraocular pressure and therefore has lot of propofol effects A single low dose bolus of propofol used for sedation before cataract surgery caused a moderate reduction in intraocular pressure with minimal side effects. Propofol Effect on Coagulation and Immunity System Some of the propofol effects are discussed here. Propofol does not cause significant coagulation
The pharmacokinetics of inhaled anesthetics are explained here with detail • Absorption of agent from alveoli to blood • Distribution in the body • Metabolism (liver) • Elimination (lungs mainly) Uptake and Distribution The pharmacokinetics of inhaled anesthetics depends upon: (1) Respiratory uptake, (2) Alveolar ventilation, (3) The partial pressure of the agent in the
Nikethamide is a drug used for stimulating the brain. Its chemical name is nicotinic acid diethylamide. Nikethamide is a cerebral stimulant and a good analeptic. It stimulates respiration due to an effect on respiratory center and not through the chemoreceptors of the carotid and aortic bodies. It has a vasoconstrictor effect on the peripheral circulation. It has
Nitroprusside Cyanide Toxicity is due to the cyanide groups released from metabolism of the nitroprusside molecule. After gaining an electron from the iron moiety of hemoglobin, the sodium nitroprusside produces an unstable radical and methemoglobin. Hypertension is commonly seen in the perioperative setting as well as the intensive care unit (ICU). There are many agents
Benzodiazepines uses are many. Preoperative medication for anxiolysis and sedation is one where it finds its usage. Midazolam has replaced diazepam as the most commonly administered benzodiazepine in the preoperative period for preoperative medication and intravenous (IV) sedation. Furthermore, the context-sensitive half-times for diazepam and lorazepam are prolonged; and so they are used where prompt
The etomidate pharmacokinetics is altered in the elderly, with a decrease in initial distribution volume and clearance (a decrease of 2 mL/min/kg every decade). Compared to normal patients, the cirrhotic patients have normal clearance rates, suggesting that cirrhotic patients metabolize etomidate normally, but the distribution volume and elimination half-life were twice as great. A 30%
