Propofol decreases intraocular pressure and therefore has lot of propofol effects A single low dose bolus of propofol used for sedation before cataract surgery caused a moderate reduction in intraocular pressure with minimal side effects. Propofol Effect on Coagulation and Immunity System Some of the propofol effects are discussed here. Propofol does not cause significant coagulation […]
Pre anesthesia drugs and medicines is the term applied to the use of drugs prior to the administration of an anesthetic agent, with the objective of making anesthesia safer and more agreeable to the patient. The reasons for using pre anesthesia drugs are: For sedation, to reduce anxiety and apprehension without producing much drowsiness. To obtain an
Lorazepam metabolism is done by glucuronidation in order to form pharmacologically inactive metabolites that are excreted by the kidneys. Lorazepam IV is a long-acting benzodiazepine which is more potent sedative and amnesic than midazolam and diazepam. The effects on ventilation, the cardiovascular system, and skeletal muscles resemble those of other benzodiazepines. The elimination half-time is
Etomidate mechanism of action is shown here. The GABAA receptor plays a central role in the etomidate mechanism of action Etomidate exerts its effects on the receptor by binding directly to a specific site or sites on the protein and allosterically enhancing the apparent affinity of GABA for its receptor. At much higher concentrations etomidate
Etomidate causes adrenocortical suppression by producing a dose-dependent inhibition of the conversion of cholesterol to cortisol. This is known as Etomidate adrenal suppression Cortisol and aldosterone are depressed by etomidate, but the clinical relevance is minimal after a single bolus injection. Etomidate adrenal suppression causes a specific and reversible blockade of the 11 beta-hydroxylation of
For induction of general anesthesia before administration of other anesthetic agents, Individual response to midazolam drip is variable, particularly when a narcotic premedicant is not used. The dosage should be titrated according to the patient’s age and clinical status. Midazolam drip is administered over 20 to 30 seconds, allowing 2 minutes for effect. The recommended
One may ask what is methylene blue ? Methylene blue is a water-soluble blue thiazine dye used most commonly as a treatment for methemoglobinemia or as an indicator dye. Its utility as an indicator dye has been applied to several clinical situations including identification of aspiration or placement of nasogastric tubes in critically ill patients;
For premedication, the recommended midazolam dosage is 0.07 to 0.08 mg/kg IM (usual dose is about 5 mg IM for an average adult) administered 30 to 60 minutes preoperatively. Lower doses should be used in elderly or debilitated patients. In a study of patients 60 years or older who did not receive concomitant narcotics, 2
Midazolam drug interactions should be taken into account before administering this medication. The hypnotic effect of IV Midazolam and the risk of apnoea are accentuated by premedication, particularly narcotics (e.g., morphine, meperidine and fentanyl), secobarbital, and the droperidol-fentanyl combination. Consequently, the midazolam drug interactions should be adjusted according to the type and amount of premedication
What are Barbiturates drugs? Barbiturates are the derivatives of barbituric acid which is a condensation product of urea with malonic acid. Barbituric acid itself is devoid of any hypnotic activity. Barbiturates drugs are hardly soluble in water; however, their sodium salts form alkaline solutions in water. Conventionally, they are divided according to their duration of
