Ethyl Chloride Anesthesia is a potent anesthetic. If it has a boiling point of 12.5°C and hence is a gas at room temperature, so it is liquefied and stored under pressure in a bottle with a cap and seal. It is used as a spray. Though ethyl chloride induces anesthesia quickly, the maintenance of a steady […]
Trilene anesthesia is a non-flammable, good analgesic-and cheap agent. Physical properties of trilene anesthesia : It has bp 80°C, VP 60 mm Hg, oil/gas coefficient 600 and blood/gas 12, metabolism 40%, unstable, preservative 1:10,000 thymol as stabilizer and coloured with waxoline blue 1 in 200,000, MAC 0.17%. Trilene anesthesia reacts with sodalime to produce phosgene
Methoxyflurane Anesthesia is a halogenated hydrocarbon now obsolete. Physical properties: Colorless, fruity liquid, non-flammable, boiling point of 104°C, blood/gas coefficient 13, oil /gas 825, VP 25 mm Hg, MAC 0.2%, metabolism 50-75%. Methoxyflurane Anesthesia is metabolized to dichloroacetic acid and methoxydifluoro acetic acid and fluoride in high amount which proved nephrotoxic; due to this it
Enflurane metabolism is briefly discussed. About 80-90% of enflurane is eliminated in expired air, up to 5% is metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P450 (2E1) to difluoromethoxy difluoroacetic acid and free fluoride. Carbon monoxide may be produced in the presence of dry soda lime or baralyme, at higher temperatures and higher anaesthetic concentrations. Also while studying
Some of the Enflurane side effects are studied below. There is a narrow margin of safety between adequate anaesthesia, unacceptable hypotension and myocardial depression. One of the enflurane side effects includes the seizure activity is rare and without sequelae. Hepatic dysfunction is rare but cross sensitization with other volatile inhalation agents possible. With prolonged anaesthesia
Some of the Sevoflurane respiratory effects include that there is no irritation to the airway, least among inhalation agents, this makes it suitable for inhalational induction, the low blood/gas solubility aids faster induction. Sevoflurane respiratory effects include respiratory depression, reduces minute ventilation, tidal volume and ventilatory response to CO2. Sevoflurane abolishes hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in
For Sevoflurane induction , the low blood/gas solubility and lack of pungency and irritant effects make it suitable for smooth inhalational induction of general anesthesia especially in children. Loss of consciousness occurs within 1 minute after a single breath induction. Breath holding, laryngospasm and arterial desaturation are uncommon. There is haemodynamic stability in case of
Nitrous oxide induction agent is a weak anaesthetic agent and not suitable as a sole anaesthetic agent. Nitrous oxide induction agent is used to hasten inhalational induction of anaesthesia due to its “concentration and second gas effects”. There is a smooth and pleasant induction. The recovery from anaesthesia is rapid; however, a “diffusion hypoxia”
Desflurane mechanism of action is briefly studied. There is a dose-dependent suppression of EEG, at MAC greater than 1.66 the LEG becomes isoelectric. There is no evidence of epileptiform activity. It decreases the amplitude of somatosensory evoked potentials. There is a dose-dependent decrease in cerebral metabolism and cerebral vasodilatation. Cerebral autoregulation is impaired similar to
Some of the toxicity issues related to desflurane toxicity is that, renal toxicity is not reported even after prolonged exposures and markers of renal function (albuminuria, glucosuria, urinary p-glutathione transferase, serum creatinine and BUN) were not altered after 7 days of exposure to 8 hours MAC of 1.25% desflurane. Desflurane Toxicity might occur at certain
