High Flow oxygen delivery devices are also called as fixed performance devices because their performance is not affected by changes in patient’s tidal volume and respiratory rate and therefore deliver accurate oxygen concentration. High Flow oxygen devices are more effective in treating hypoxemia then low flow systems. Disadvantages of High Flow oxygen devices are: a. Low patient
In normal Blood Brain Barrier functions the effective pore size of cerebral capillaries is 7-9 A°. This small pore size does not allow movement of small ions, i.e, Na, K and C1. Therefore, the fluid movement across the Blood Brain Barrier Functions is determined by the ‘total’ osmotic gradient, generated both by large molecules and
A lot of Doctors and famous anesthesiologists have contributed to the evolution of the science of anesthesia. Their hard work and discoveries have made anesthesia a safe and crucial field in pain management and as a medical specialty. The discovery of Nitrous oxide was a major breakthrough, that was later found out to be a
Some of the Enflurane side effects are studied below. There is a narrow margin of safety between adequate anaesthesia, unacceptable hypotension and myocardial depression. One of the enflurane side effects includes the seizure activity is rare and without sequelae. Hepatic dysfunction is rare but cross sensitization with other volatile inhalation agents possible. With prolonged anaesthesia
Some of the Sevoflurane respiratory effects include that there is no irritation to the airway, least among inhalation agents, this makes it suitable for inhalational induction, the low blood/gas solubility aids faster induction. Sevoflurane respiratory effects include respiratory depression, reduces minute ventilation, tidal volume and ventilatory response to CO2. Sevoflurane abolishes hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in
Sevoflurane Inhalation anesthetic was synthesized by Baxter Laboratories (1960) but introduced into clinical practice in Japan in 1990, now widely used the world over. Unlike isoflurane it does not exist as an optical isomer, it does not have an asymmetric atom. It contains only fluorine atoms, so it does not affect the ozone layer in
The reduced cerebrovascular resistance at the site of Arteriovenous Malformations AVMs lead to an increase in blood flow to this area and the formation of a lower resistance shunt along with peri-infarction oedema. They usually represent a high-flow and low-resistance shunts with systemic arterial pressure more than the vascular intramural pressure ; so, rupture does
The diaphragm function is the most important determinant of the depth of respiration especially the inspiration. The Diaphragm is the muscle that separates the thorax from the abdomen. It is a thin sheet like muscle that has the right and the left crura. The diaphragm act as a partition between the two major cavities of the
Desflurane cardiovascular effects are mentioned here. There is a decrease in systemic vascular resistance and peripheral vasodilatation. Cardiac depression, a dose-dependent tachycardia and fall in blood pressure are seen. Along with N20 this effect is minimal. Splanchnic and renal blood flow is preserved. Desflurane is a direct coronary vasodilator. A rapid increase in concentration of
Capnography is the continuous measurement of end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) and its waveform. The normal recording from a Capnography is between 32 to 42 mmHg (3 to 4 mmHg less than arterial pCO2 which is 35 to 45 mmHg). Capnography works on the principle that infrared light is absorbed by carbon dioxide. And this
