In Isoflurane cardiac function , the effect is that the cardiac output is maintained due to the slight increase in heart rate reflexly due to hypotension. There is a dose-dependent decrease in arterial pressure due to peripheral vasodilatation and myocardial depression, less than that due to halothane. There is a selective coronary vasodilatation and decrease […]
Boyle’s law is an important gas law that states that at a constant temperature, the volume of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure of the gas. This means that when the temperature of a gas is kept constant, the relationship between Volume and pressure of a gas is inverse. Another way to put tis law
One of the Sevoflurane cardiovascular effects is that the Sevoflurane has minimal effect on heart rate. There is a fall in systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure, but less than isoflurane. Also Sevoflurane cardiovascular effects are complex such as the pulmonary arterial pressure is also reduced. There is a lesser depression of left ventricular systolic
Halothane Malignant hyperthermia syndrome may be triggered by halothane, it is an autosomal dominant inherited condition. There is a massive release of intracellular calcium from the sarcoplasm of the muscle. An increased metabolism results in rise in temperature of 2°C per hour, severe acidzsis, rhabdomyolysis, with associated hyperkalaemia. Mortality is 70%. Treatment is by active
For Sevoflurane induction , the low blood/gas solubility and lack of pungency and irritant effects make it suitable for smooth inhalational induction of general anesthesia especially in children. Loss of consciousness occurs within 1 minute after a single breath induction. Breath holding, laryngospasm and arterial desaturation are uncommon. There is haemodynamic stability in case of
The Poynting effect refers to the phenomenon where mixing of liquid nitrous oxide at low pressure with oxygen at high pressure (in Entonox) leads to formation of gas of nitrous oxide. So oxygen and nitrous oxide both are present in gaseous state in Entonox cylinder. In anesthesia practice the Poynting effect is seen in the
These are classified as high flow Oxygen Delivery Devices and low flow Oxygen Delivery Devices. Classification of Oxygen Delivery Devices in non intubated patient : 1. High flow (fixed performance) delivery systems. 2. Low flow (variable performance) delivery systems. As the high flow oxygen delivery devices have already been discussed, let us see what the low
Trilene anesthesia is a non-flammable, good analgesic-and cheap agent. Physical properties of trilene anesthesia : It has bp 80°C, VP 60 mm Hg, oil/gas coefficient 600 and blood/gas 12, metabolism 40%, unstable, preservative 1:10,000 thymol as stabilizer and coloured with waxoline blue 1 in 200,000, MAC 0.17%. Trilene anesthesia reacts with sodalime to produce phosgene
Total dead space (Physiological dead space) = Anatomical dead space + Alveolar dead space. Anatomical Dead Space It is constituted by air which is not participating in diffusion. Therefore it is constituted by air present in nose, trachea and bronchial tree (up to terminal bronchioles). Normally it is 30% of tidal volume or 2 ml/kg or 150 ml. Anatomical dead
Anatomical dead space and its Anesthetic implications Read More »
Diethyl ether anesthetic is the first volatile anesthetic agent used widely for over one-and-a-half centuries. Volatile anesthetic agents like Ether, ethylene, chloroform, trichloroethylene and methoxyflurane are not in use in developed countries. However, ether, trichloroethylene are still in use in some developing countries. Physical properties of Diethyl ether anesthetic : It has a boiling point
