Introduction to Sevoflurane Sevoflurane is a volatile inhalational anesthetic agent that has gained significant acceptance in modern medical practice, especially for its application in both adult and pediatric anesthesia. As a halogenated ether, its chemical structure features a combination of fluoroalkyl and ether groups, which contributes to its unique properties. Its molecular formula is C4H03F7,
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a hypermetabolic disorder of skeletal muscle that is triggered in susceptible individuals by several inhalation anesthetic agents (sevoflurane, desflurane, isoflurane, halothane, enflurane, and methoxyflurane) and succinylcholine. These anesthetic triggers cause intracellular hypercalcemia in skeletal muscle by decreasing the uptake of calcium by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The intracellular hypercalcemia activates metabolic pathways
Nitrous oxide induction agent is a weak anaesthetic agent and not suitable as a sole anaesthetic agent. Nitrous oxide induction agent is used to hasten inhalational induction of anaesthesia due to its “concentration and second gas effects”. There is a smooth and pleasant induction. The recovery from anaesthesia is rapid; however, a “diffusion hypoxia”
Analeptic Drugs are Cenrtral nervous system stimulants or CNS stimulants that stimulate respiration and also the brain. The different Analeptic Drugs are: Bemegride Nikethamide Doxapram These drugs help to restore the drug-induced depressed function towards normal. Ideally there should be pharmacological antagonism and the analeptic drug should block the depressant drug activity either by inactivation or
Desflurane undergoes very little desflurane metabolism because of low blood/gas and low blood/tissue solubility. However, 0.02% is metabolized during desflurane metabolism with the production of trifluoroacetic acid which may interact with hepatic proteins and induce an immune response in susceptible patients. Previous exposure to halothane may produce antibodies. In desflurane metabolism , the elimination is almost exclusively by
The Poynting effect refers to the phenomenon where mixing of liquid nitrous oxide at low pressure with oxygen at high pressure (in Entonox) leads to formation of gas of nitrous oxide. So oxygen and nitrous oxide both are present in gaseous state in Entonox cylinder. In anesthesia practice the Poynting effect is seen in the
Sevoflurane Inhalation anesthetic was synthesized by Baxter Laboratories (1960) but introduced into clinical practice in Japan in 1990, now widely used the world over. Unlike isoflurane it does not exist as an optical isomer, it does not have an asymmetric atom. It contains only fluorine atoms, so it does not affect the ozone layer in
Desflurane inhalation agent was synthesized by Dr Terell (1992) among 600 compounds. Desflurane inhalation agent is a halogenated ether. It has the lowest blood/gas solubility coefficient amongst all inhalation agents, including N20, hence quick induction and recovery. Et does not contain chlorine or bromine, so it does not deplete ozone layer in the atmosphere. Physical
Introduction to Obesity and its Challenges Obesity is a complex, multifactorial health condition characterized by an excessive amount of body fat, significantly impacting an individual’s overall health and well-being. Defined by a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher, obesity has reached alarming prevalence rates worldwide, becoming a major public health concern. The World
The Importance of Managing Pain After Hip Surgery Undergoing hip surgery is a significant medical procedure that can greatly improve one’s quality of life. However, it is not without its challenges, particularly when it comes to managing post-operative pain. Proper pain management is crucial for a successful recovery and ensuring patient comfort during the healing
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