Fentanyl citrate injection is a potent narcotic analgesic and an opioid. It is said to be 100 times more potent than morphine and 1000 times more potent than pethidine. Fentanyl citrate injection effects It causes profound analgesia and sedation in a dose of 0.1 mg intramuscular. Like other narcotic analgesics it causes respiratory depression and is […]
Minimization of the risk of aneurysm rupture during Anesthesia for Cerebral Aneurysm demands smooth induction and maintenance of optimum transmural pressure (TMP) gradient. TMP is the difference between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and ICP. Rise in MAP or fall in ICP affects transmural pressure gradient thereby increasing the risk of rupture of the aneurysmal sac.
Analeptic Drugs are Cenrtral nervous system stimulants or CNS stimulants that stimulate respiration and also the brain. The different Analeptic Drugs are: Bemegride Nikethamide Doxapram These drugs help to restore the drug-induced depressed function towards normal. Ideally there should be pharmacological antagonism and the analeptic drug should block the depressant drug activity either by inactivation or
The diaphragm function is the most important determinant of the depth of respiration especially the inspiration. The Diaphragm is the muscle that separates the thorax from the abdomen. It is a thin sheet like muscle that has the right and the left crura. The diaphragm act as a partition between the two major cavities of the
Neuroleptanalgesia Neuroleptanalgesia is method of IV anesthesia which combines at neuroleptic drug with opioid analgesic drug. The most favored combination is neuroleptic droperidol and the analgesic fentanyl. The combination used neuroleptanalgesia induces state which is different from usual general anesthesia. Because the patient is awake during surgery and is cooperative during the operative and surgical
There is rapid desflurane induction of anesthesia because of low solubility in blood, but a mask induction may produce coughing, breath holding, secretions and desaturation. Also the high initial percentage of desflurane induction may cause tachycardia and hypertension due to sympathetic effects. It is not recommended for inhalation induction. Recovery from desflurane induction is faster
Isoflurane renal effects are minimal, only 0.2% metabolites are excreted in the urine and fluoride excretion is minimal. In patients for renal transplantation where there is a risk of arrhythmia, due to alteration in plasma electrolyte concentration, release of renin and catecholamines; there is hemodynamic stability. Skeletal muscle tone is reduced to a greater extent
Chronic pain is a persistent condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It can be debilitating and significantly impact a person’s quality of life. Fortunately, there are various strategies and approaches available to help manage chronic pain effectively. In this article, we will explore some of the commonly used chronic pain management strategies. 1. Medication:
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Metabolism of volatile anesthetics is discussed here. Once thought to be chemically inert, inhalation agents, especially the older ones, undergo significant metabolism, bio-transformation and breakdown to potentially toxic intermediates. This process is affected by age, disease, drug interaction and genetics. Inhalation agents are administered in great excess of the amount metabolized unlike other drugs. For
For Sevoflurane induction , the low blood/gas solubility and lack of pungency and irritant effects make it suitable for smooth inhalational induction of general anesthesia especially in children. Loss of consciousness occurs within 1 minute after a single breath induction. Breath holding, laryngospasm and arterial desaturation are uncommon. There is haemodynamic stability in case of
