Minimization of the risk of aneurysm rupture during Anesthesia for Cerebral Aneurysm demands smooth induction and maintenance of optimum transmural pressure (TMP) gradient. TMP is the difference between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and ICP. Rise in MAP or fall in ICP affects transmural pressure gradient thereby increasing the risk of rupture of the aneurysmal sac. […]
The history of anesthesia is very old. Anesthesia was used even in the ancient societies of the oldest civilizations wherein opium extracts, alcohol, coca leaves and other plant products were used. Even regional anesthesia in the form of compression on the nerve trunks, application of cold or use of crude local anesthetics was done in
There are several disadvantages of disadvantages of carbon dioxide : • High concentration causes narcosis. • It increases the cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure. • It stimulates sympathetic nervous system, which may be dangerous in some patients already having systemic hypertension or myocardial ischaemia. • It sensitizes myocardium to externally administered catecholamines. • It
Endotracheal intubation complications can be intraoperative, postoperative or delayed. The following are the immediate intubation complications that are commonly seen: Esophageal intubation: This is a hazardous complication. Can be done as a mistake. If not detected in time can cause severe hypoxia and even death. This can be easily be detected by measuring carbon dioxide
Nasotracheal Intubation can be accomplished by special nasal tubes or by simple oral tubes. It is a specialized technique in which the Endotracheal tube is passed in to the larynx via the nose rather than the mouth. A first the tube size is selected, which should be a size less than that used in the
The Importance of Managing Pain After Hip Surgery Undergoing hip surgery is a significant medical procedure that can greatly improve one’s quality of life. However, it is not without its challenges, particularly when it comes to managing post-operative pain. Proper pain management is crucial for a successful recovery and ensuring patient comfort during the healing
Managing Pain After Hip Surgery: Understanding Severity and Exploring Analgesia Options Read More »
The discovery of anesthesia Inhalation agents heralded the era of modem anesthesia. In 1842, the first general anesthetic administered was recorded by CF Long and W Clarke using diethyl ether; however, they did not publicize it. The first successful public demonstration of anesthesia Inhalation agents was by W.T.G. Morton on 10th October 1846 at the Massachusetts General Hospital Boston,
Autonomic dysreflexia is an acute syndrome that frequently occurs in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients with a level usually above T6. It is characterized by excessive unmodulated sympathetic outflow in response to noxious stimuli below the spinal cord level. This can lead to dangerous elevations of blood pressure with disastrous clinical sequelae. Pathophysiology of Autonomic
Total dead space (Physiological dead space) = Anatomical dead space + Alveolar dead space. Anatomical Dead Space It is constituted by air which is not participating in diffusion. Therefore it is constituted by air present in nose, trachea and bronchial tree (up to terminal bronchioles). Normally it is 30% of tidal volume or 2 ml/kg or 150 ml. Anatomical dead
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Introduction to Long-Term Venous Access Long-term venous access is a vital component of modern medical treatment, allowing healthcare providers to administer therapies over extended periods. This method is particularly significant in scenarios requiring frequent or continuous access to the bloodstream, such as chemotherapy for cancer patients, dialysis for those with kidney dysfunction, and long-term antibiotic
