Emergence from anesthesia has cardiorespiratory, metabolic/endocrine and neurologic consequences. Awakening and extubation after anesthesia are associated with haemodynamic arousal lasting 10-25 minutes. This activation is partially mediated by elevations in catecholamine levels and partially by nociceptive stimuli. The aim of emergence after a neurosurgical procedure is to maintain intracerebral and extra-cerebral homeostasis. This implies maintenance
Trilene anesthesia is a non-flammable, good analgesic-and cheap agent. Physical properties of trilene anesthesia : It has bp 80°C, VP 60 mm Hg, oil/gas coefficient 600 and blood/gas 12, metabolism 40%, unstable, preservative 1:10,000 thymol as stabilizer and coloured with waxoline blue 1 in 200,000, MAC 0.17%. Trilene anesthesia reacts with sodalime to produce phosgene
There is very little airway irritation, hence used for inhalation induction especially in children. One of the halothane respiratory effects is that it is a potent respiratory depressant, reduces tidal volume and alveolar minute ventilation. The ventilatory response to raised Paco2 and reduced Pao, may be reduced due to depression of peripheral chemoreceptors in the
The Non Rebreather Masks are the masks that do not allow rebreathing of the gases to take place when a patient is ventilated or he takes spontaneous breaths while the mask is being held. These masks of Non Rebreather type need to have a very high flow of oxygen as most of the oxygen is being lost.
One of the Isoflurane respiratory effects is that, Isoflurane causes bronchodilatation by inhibiting bronchoconstriction. As with other potent vapours, isoflurane impairs both ventilatory drive and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction leading to hypercapnia and V/Q mismatch. In asthmatic patients due to its lack of arrhythmogenic potential, drugs like aminophylline or agonists such as salbutamol may be less
A lot of Doctors and famous anesthesiologists have contributed to the evolution of the science of anesthesia. Their hard work and discoveries have made anesthesia a safe and crucial field in pain management and as a medical specialty. The discovery of Nitrous oxide was a major breakthrough, that was later found out to be a
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) is one of the most distressing experiences associated with surgery, and many patients find it more troublesome than postoperative pain itself. It is not only very uncomfortable to the patient in the postoperative period but it also delays the time of starting enteral feeding and normal functions. Especially in day care
Ethyl Chloride Anesthesia is a potent anesthetic. If it has a boiling point of 12.5°C and hence is a gas at room temperature, so it is liquefied and stored under pressure in a bottle with a cap and seal. It is used as a spray. Though ethyl chloride induces anesthesia quickly, the maintenance of a steady
A common question that arises while studying respiratory physiology is what is minute ventilation and minute volume. The minute ventilation is the amount of air a person breaths in a minute. The minute ventilation is calculated by the multiplication of the tidal volume and the respiratory rate. What is minute ventilation? The normal tidal volume
In Isoflurane cardiac function , the effect is that the cardiac output is maintained due to the slight increase in heart rate reflexly due to hypotension. There is a dose-dependent decrease in arterial pressure due to peripheral vasodilatation and myocardial depression, less than that due to halothane. There is a selective coronary vasodilatation and decrease
