Boyle’s law is an important gas law that states that at a constant temperature, the volume of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure of the gas. This means that when the temperature of a gas is kept constant, the relationship between Volume and pressure of a gas is inverse. Another way to put tis law
Halothane Malignant hyperthermia syndrome may be triggered by halothane, it is an autosomal dominant inherited condition. There is a massive release of intracellular calcium from the sarcoplasm of the muscle. An increased metabolism results in rise in temperature of 2°C per hour, severe acidzsis, rhabdomyolysis, with associated hyperkalaemia. Mortality is 70%. Treatment is by active
Halothane neuromuscular junction effect produces moderate muscle relaxation, it increases the degree and duration of relaxation produced by nondepolarizing muscle relax- ants. The action is at the postjunctional membrane. There is relaxation of the uterine muscle, which is useful in podalic version procedure but may hinder uterine contraction postpartum. Halothane neuromuscular junction effect may produce
The physiologic changes in pregnancy occur in response to fetal development and eventual delivery. It is incumbent on the intensive care physician to have an understanding of the normal variants that occur in pregnancy to correctly interpret diagnostic tests and effectively treat clinical conditions. Some changes that occur in pregnancy include the following. Endocrine changes
Trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene is also called as Trilene. It is an inhalational anesthetic gas, which was widely used until recently. It is still used in some developing countries because of its cheap cost compared to the other halogenated inhalational anesthetics. Trichloroethylene Physical Properties • It is colorless liquid. • Odor is sweet. • Mildly irritant. •
Ether is still very rarely used in many Developing countries like India. First public demonstration of ether was given by W.T.G. Morton on I6th October 1846 for the removal of jaw tumor. Physical Properties of Ether : • It is pungent smelling liquid decomposes in presence of light, air and heat so stored in amber
The effect of Halothane on the liver is that it causes hepatitis called as halothane hepatitis. Incidence of massive hepatic necrosis as a result of halothane hepatitis is 1 in 35,000. Risk factors for halothane hepatitis are: Multiple exposures is single most important factor. Hypoxia. Middle age. Obesity. Females. Patient with other autoimmune diseases. Pathologic
The MAC of halothane pharmacokinetics varies from 1.08 in neonates to 0.64 in the elderly, Addition of N20 in adults reduces MAC to 0.29%. The distribution of halothane is to lungs, VRG organs, muscle, fat around VRG organs and finally peripheral fat. Excretion is primarily through the lungs in a reverse manner. Halothane Pharmacokinetics undergoes
These are classified as high flow Oxygen Delivery Devices and low flow Oxygen Delivery Devices. Classification of Oxygen Delivery Devices in non intubated patient : 1. High flow (fixed performance) delivery systems. 2. Low flow (variable performance) delivery systems. As the high flow oxygen delivery devices have already been discussed, let us see what the low
Enflurane metabolism is briefly discussed. About 80-90% of enflurane is eliminated in expired air, up to 5% is metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P450 (2E1) to difluoromethoxy difluoroacetic acid and free fluoride. Carbon monoxide may be produced in the presence of dry soda lime or baralyme, at higher temperatures and higher anaesthetic concentrations. Also while studying
