The reservoir bag is also called as the Breathing bag. The bag is attached to anesthesia breathing circuits to ventilate the patient. The bag acts as a reservoir for anesthetic gases as well as for oxygen, which when pressed results in the delivery of the gases or oxygen to the patient. An anesthetized and paralyzed […]
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a clinical syndrome consisting of four primary features: rigidity, altered mental status, hyperthermia, and autonomic instability. It occurs in the setting of the use of dopamine-blocking agents or the withdrawal of dopamine-enhancing medications. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome Epidemiology Incidence of Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is estimated at 0.1% to 2%. There is
Spirometer is the instrument used to measure following lung volumes. Normal Spirometry Values are very important and a good doctor especially an anesthetist should always remember the approximate values of them. The Normal Spirometry Values are: • Tidal volume is 400 to 500 ml (10 mI/kg). • Inspiratory reserve volume is is 2,400 to 2,600
What is Buprenorphine injection? Is it an opiod? Buprenorphine is derived from the opium alkaloid thebaine and is closely related to morphine. It has powerful opiod agonist actions as well as partial opiod antagonist actions. It does not seem to cause addiction and physical dependence. Buprenorphine injection Potency It is a potent analgesic, 0.4 mg is equipotent
Benzodiazepines or BDZ are compounds have largely replaced the barbiturates as hypnotics and act as sedatives, anticonvulsants, muscle relaxants and anesthetic agents. Mechanism of action of Benzodiazepines or BDZ Benzodiazepines or BDZ bind selectively to the a subunit of the GABA-A receptors surrounding the chloride channels in the CNS, a site distinct from that to which
Emergence from anesthesia has cardiorespiratory, metabolic/endocrine and neurologic consequences. Awakening and extubation after anesthesia are associated with haemodynamic arousal lasting 10-25 minutes. This activation is partially mediated by elevations in catecholamine levels and partially by nociceptive stimuli. The aim of emergence after a neurosurgical procedure is to maintain intracerebral and extra-cerebral homeostasis. This implies maintenance
Isoflurane volatile anesthetic is a halogenated methyl ethyl ether, which is a racemic mixture. It is very stable at room temperature, soda-lime and UV light. It has an ethereal odour and is irritating to the respiratory tract and not epileptiform. Metabolism 0.2% Physical properties: Isoflurane volatile anesthetic has a bp of 48.5°C similar to halothane,
The answer to the question what is Pulmonary Function Test should be known to every doctor. The Pulmonary function tests especially the bedside ones can be used by even a non medico to asses the function of the lung. 1. Simple Bed Side Test Now what is Pulmonary Function Test that can be used at
Neuroleptanalgesia Neuroleptanalgesia is method of IV anesthesia which combines at neuroleptic drug with opioid analgesic drug. The most favored combination is neuroleptic droperidol and the analgesic fentanyl. The combination used neuroleptanalgesia induces state which is different from usual general anesthesia. Because the patient is awake during surgery and is cooperative during the operative and surgical
Isoflurane is a fluorinated methyl ethyl ether. It is an isomer of enflurane. Physical Properties of Isoflurane : • It is Colorless. • It has pungent ethereal odor so induction is not smooth. • Non inflammable, non explosive. • Vapor pressure similar to halothane (240 mmHg). Hence it also has agent specific Isoflurane vaporizer. Anesthetic
