Halothane cardiovascular effect plays a critical role. The main haemodynamic effect is a reduction in blood pressure secondary to a fall in cardiac output, reduced cardiac contractility and stroke volume, due to alterations in Ca-metabolism and a reduction in intracellular calcium. So, the coronary blood flow is reduced. The heart rate often falls due to […]
The endotracheal tube position should always be confirmed because the correct placement of the tube is essential for proper ventilation of a person. If the endotracheal tube position is not correct within no time the patient can become hypoxic due to the unavailability of oxygen to the lungs. The tube may be wrongly placed in
When it comes to undergoing a surgical procedure, one of the most important decisions to make is the choice between regional anaesthesia and general anaesthesia. Both options have their advantages and disadvantages, but in this article, we will focus on the benefits of regional anaesthesia over general anaesthesia. What is Regional Anaesthesia? Regional anaesthesia involves
The Benefits of Regional Anaesthesia Compared to General Anaesthesia Read More »
Diethyl ether anesthetic is the first volatile anesthetic agent used widely for over one-and-a-half centuries. Volatile anesthetic agents like Ether, ethylene, chloroform, trichloroethylene and methoxyflurane are not in use in developed countries. However, ether, trichloroethylene are still in use in some developing countries. Physical properties of Diethyl ether anesthetic : It has a boiling point
Endotracheal intubation complications can be intraoperative, postoperative or delayed. The following are the immediate intubation complications that are commonly seen: Esophageal intubation: This is a hazardous complication. Can be done as a mistake. If not detected in time can cause severe hypoxia and even death. This can be easily be detected by measuring carbon dioxide
Desflurane mechanism of action is briefly studied. There is a dose-dependent suppression of EEG, at MAC greater than 1.66 the LEG becomes isoelectric. There is no evidence of epileptiform activity. It decreases the amplitude of somatosensory evoked potentials. There is a dose-dependent decrease in cerebral metabolism and cerebral vasodilatation. Cerebral autoregulation is impaired similar to
The effect of Halothane on the liver is that it causes hepatitis called as halothane hepatitis. Incidence of massive hepatic necrosis as a result of halothane hepatitis is 1 in 35,000. Risk factors for halothane hepatitis are: Multiple exposures is single most important factor. Hypoxia. Middle age. Obesity. Females. Patient with other autoimmune diseases. Pathologic
Methoxyflurane Anesthesia is a halogenated hydrocarbon now obsolete. Physical properties: Colorless, fruity liquid, non-flammable, boiling point of 104°C, blood/gas coefficient 13, oil /gas 825, VP 25 mm Hg, MAC 0.2%, metabolism 50-75%. Methoxyflurane Anesthesia is metabolized to dichloroacetic acid and methoxydifluoro acetic acid and fluoride in high amount which proved nephrotoxic; due to this it
Circulatory system and Enflurane Mechanism Action : Enflurane reduces BP due to vasodilatation as a result of decrease in SVR and cardiac depression. There is increase in heart rate and reduction in cardiac output. It does not sensitize the heart to catecholamines or stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. The margin between adequate anaesthesia and unacceptable hypotension
Enflurane is not a very commonly used agent in the developing counties although its usage is on in America. It is a newer inhalational agent like that of halothane. Enflurane is halogenated ether. Enflurane Physical Properties : It is a Colorless gas. It has ethereal odor. It is Non inflammable at clinical concentration but inflammable
