Excess Oxygen can cause pulmonary oxygen toxicity which results in a lot of damage to the body tissues. To summarize briefly, the excess oxygen can cause, pulmonary toxicity, Acute respiratory distress syndrome, rertolental fibroplasia, convulsions and Paul burt effect. Here we will be dicussing the mechanisms of these tissue injuries that occur with use of excess oxygen. The following the changes […]
Isoflurane volatile anesthetic is a halogenated methyl ethyl ether, which is a racemic mixture. It is very stable at room temperature, soda-lime and UV light. It has an ethereal odour and is irritating to the respiratory tract and not epileptiform. Metabolism 0.2% Physical properties: Isoflurane volatile anesthetic has a bp of 48.5°C similar to halothane,
Some of the toxicity issues related to desflurane toxicity is that, renal toxicity is not reported even after prolonged exposures and markers of renal function (albuminuria, glucosuria, urinary p-glutathione transferase, serum creatinine and BUN) were not altered after 7 days of exposure to 8 hours MAC of 1.25% desflurane. Desflurane Toxicity might occur at certain
Methoxyflurane even though being the most potent anesthetic gas to be discovered till now, its use can been restricted due to the different complications that can arise from its usage. Below is a brief discussion on this inhalational agent. Physical Properties of Methoxyflurane • It has sweet odor. • It is non irritant. • It
Halothane is a widely used inhalational agent. Physical Properties of Halothane : It is colorless liquid, volatile anesthetic. Pleasant to smell so excellent for induction in children. Stored in amber colored bottles and contains thymol 0.01% as preservative (to prevent decomposition by light). Non inflammable, non explosive. Nonirritant, so induction is very smooth. Boiling point
Posterior fossa is a tight infratentorial compartment which harbors vital centers like cerebellum, pons and medulla. Anesthesia for Posterior Fossa Surgery is employed in carious types of space-occupying lesions, i.e., cerebellar tumours, cerebellopontine angle lesions, medulloblastoma, brainstem glioma occur in this area. The patients with posterior fossa tumor presents with features of raised intracranial pressure, brain
Enflurane is not a very commonly used agent in the developing counties although its usage is on in America. It is a newer inhalational agent like that of halothane. Enflurane is halogenated ether. Enflurane Physical Properties : It is a Colorless gas. It has ethereal odor. It is Non inflammable at clinical concentration but inflammable
For Sevoflurane induction , the low blood/gas solubility and lack of pungency and irritant effects make it suitable for smooth inhalational induction of general anesthesia especially in children. Loss of consciousness occurs within 1 minute after a single breath induction. Breath holding, laryngospasm and arterial desaturation are uncommon. There is haemodynamic stability in case of
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a clinical syndrome consisting of four primary features: rigidity, altered mental status, hyperthermia, and autonomic instability. It occurs in the setting of the use of dopamine-blocking agents or the withdrawal of dopamine-enhancing medications. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome Epidemiology Incidence of Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is estimated at 0.1% to 2%. There is
The purpose of preoxygenation of a patient before induction of general anesthesia and paralysis is to provide a maximum time that the patient can tolerate apnea. Normal oxygen consumption in a healthy adult is about 250 ml / min desaturations oxygen can occur as quickly as 30-60 seconds in a healthy adult with the FRC
