Nasal Intubation can be accomplished by special nasal tubes or by simple oral tubes. Advantages of nasal intubation over oral intubation: 1. Better fixation and therefore less chances of accidental extubation. 2. No possibility of tube occlusion by biting. 3. Better oral hygiene can be maintained. 4. Oral feeding is possible. 5. Better tolerated by […]
Understanding Minute Ventilation in Anesthesia and Intensive Care In the field of anesthesia and intensive care, minute ventilation plays a crucial role in ensuring the well-being and safety of patients. Minute ventilation refers to the volume of air that is moved in and out of the lungs in one minute. It is a vital parameter
Desflurane undergoes very little desflurane metabolism because of low blood/gas and low blood/tissue solubility. However, 0.02% is metabolized during desflurane metabolism with the production of trifluoroacetic acid which may interact with hepatic proteins and induce an immune response in susceptible patients. Previous exposure to halothane may produce antibodies. In desflurane metabolism , the elimination is almost exclusively by
A lot of anesthetic gases can be dangerous when used in a low alveolar ventilation anesthesia. This is because the anesthetic gases can combine with soda lime or other components of the boyles machine and produce poisonous gases. It is also known as low flow anesthesia where low fresh gas flow is set in a closed circuit or a semi closed
Acoustic Surgery can be accomplished with suboccipital, translabyrinthine and middle fossa approaches. The sitting, supine, lateral or park-bench position can be used for the suboccipital approach. Small or medium sized tumours are associated with essentially no mortality, whereas large tumors (>4 cm) have mortality rates of 2-4%. Compromise of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery and
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) is one of the most distressing experiences associated with surgery, and many patients find it more troublesome than postoperative pain itself. It is not only very uncomfortable to the patient in the postoperative period but it also delays the time of starting enteral feeding and normal functions. Especially in day care
Circulatory system and Enflurane Mechanism Action : Enflurane reduces BP due to vasodilatation as a result of decrease in SVR and cardiac depression. There is increase in heart rate and reduction in cardiac output. It does not sensitize the heart to catecholamines or stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. The margin between adequate anaesthesia and unacceptable hypotension
Minimization of the risk of aneurysm rupture during Anesthesia for Cerebral Aneurysm demands smooth induction and maintenance of optimum transmural pressure (TMP) gradient. TMP is the difference between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and ICP. Rise in MAP or fall in ICP affects transmural pressure gradient thereby increasing the risk of rupture of the aneurysmal sac.
Below is an answer to the simple question what is sleep? What is Sleep? Physiologically, sleep is regarded as absence of wakefulness, where the responses to environmental stimuli are greatly reduced. But, in fact, it is an active state, related to definite anatomic structures as well to specific biogenic amines. Yet, its exact mechanism is
Introduction to Sevoflurane Sevoflurane is a volatile inhalational anesthetic agent that has gained significant acceptance in modern medical practice, especially for its application in both adult and pediatric anesthesia. As a halogenated ether, its chemical structure features a combination of fluoroalkyl and ether groups, which contributes to its unique properties. Its molecular formula is C4H03F7,
