IV Anesthesia or intravenous anesthesia is when anesthesia is given through a vein through injections. Anesthesia is usually started or induced with intravenous or IV anesthesia drugs. The different IV Anesthesia drugs are: Thiopental sodium Midazolam Methohexitone Ketamine Etomidate Propofol Some Steroids Ultra short acting barbiturates The ultra-short acting barbiturates administered as IV Anesthesia to […]
High Flow oxygen delivery devices are also called as fixed performance devices because their performance is not affected by changes in patient’s tidal volume and respiratory rate and therefore deliver accurate oxygen concentration. High Flow oxygen devices are more effective in treating hypoxemia then low flow systems. Disadvantages of High Flow oxygen devices are: a. Low patient
Halothane Anesthesia is an alkane, halogenated hydrocarbon introduced in 1256. (M Johnston, UK). Physical Properties: Halothane Anesthesia is colorless, sweet smelling, nonirritating, bp 50 degrees C, VP 243 mm Hg, blood/gas 2.5, oil/gas 224, metabolism 20—40%, MAC in 02 ofQ7 /o and 0.29% with N20. It is relat Istable, decopcs on exposure tq.ajr, hence stored
There is rapid desflurane induction of anesthesia because of low solubility in blood, but a mask induction may produce coughing, breath holding, secretions and desaturation. Also the high initial percentage of desflurane induction may cause tachycardia and hypertension due to sympathetic effects. It is not recommended for inhalation induction. Recovery from desflurane induction is faster
Metabolism of volatile anesthetics is discussed here. Once thought to be chemically inert, inhalation agents, especially the older ones, undergo significant metabolism, bio-transformation and breakdown to potentially toxic intermediates. This process is affected by age, disease, drug interaction and genetics. Inhalation agents are administered in great excess of the amount metabolized unlike other drugs. For
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a hypermetabolic disorder of skeletal muscle that is triggered in susceptible individuals by several inhalation anesthetic agents (sevoflurane, desflurane, isoflurane, halothane, enflurane, and methoxyflurane) and succinylcholine. These anesthetic triggers cause intracellular hypercalcemia in skeletal muscle by decreasing the uptake of calcium by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The intracellular hypercalcemia activates metabolic pathways
Some disadvantages of volatile anesthetics are listed here. • Poor oxygen availability is one of the disadvantages of volatile anesthetics ; hypoxic insults are poorly tolerated due to dilution of air-oxygen mixture by ethe’ vapour. • Patient breathes dry air because water vapour in the air condenses on the mask due to low temperature because
One of the Isoflurane respiratory effects is that, Isoflurane causes bronchodilatation by inhibiting bronchoconstriction. As with other potent vapours, isoflurane impairs both ventilatory drive and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction leading to hypercapnia and V/Q mismatch. In asthmatic patients due to its lack of arrhythmogenic potential, drugs like aminophylline or agonists such as salbutamol may be less
General Anesthesia mask is used to ventilate the patient without intubation or before intubation. The mask significantly increases amount of dead space. These are available in sizes from 0 to 4 numbers. Face mask should be made of antistatic rubber. At the bottom of General Anesthesia mask there is air filled cuff which has soft cushioning effect.
Intubation contraindications can be divided into those Both Nasal and Oral lntubation and those for Nasal Intubation. Both Nasal and Oral lntubation Contraindications • Laryngeal edema. • Epiglottitis. • Laryngotracheobronchitis This is one among the important Intubation Contraindications. In these conditions the airway is already compromised giving very little place for the endotracheal Tube to
