Methoxyflurane even though being the most potent anesthetic gas to be discovered till now, its use can been restricted due to the different complications that can arise from its usage. Below is a brief discussion on this inhalational agent. Physical Properties of Methoxyflurane • It has sweet odor. • It is non irritant. • It […]
Ether effects all the systems of the body. A brief account is given below. Ether effects on Cardiovascular system: It does not depress myocardium rather it stimulates sympathetic system causing tachycardia and hypertension. Baroreceptor reflex is preserved with ether so ether can be used safely in patients with shock. Respiratory system: It does not depress respiration rather
Ether is still very rarely used in many Developing countries like India. First public demonstration of ether was given by W.T.G. Morton on I6th October 1846 for the removal of jaw tumor. Physical Properties of Ether : • It is pungent smelling liquid decomposes in presence of light, air and heat so stored in amber
Capnography is the continuous measurement of end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) and its waveform. The normal recording from a Capnography is between 32 to 42 mmHg (3 to 4 mmHg less than arterial pCO2 which is 35 to 45 mmHg). Capnography works on the principle that infrared light is absorbed by carbon dioxide. And this
Introduction to Sevoflurane Sevoflurane is a volatile inhalational anesthetic agent that has gained significant acceptance in modern medical practice, especially for its application in both adult and pediatric anesthesia. As a halogenated ether, its chemical structure features a combination of fluoroalkyl and ether groups, which contributes to its unique properties. Its molecular formula is C4H03F7,
Isoflurane is a fluorinated methyl ethyl ether. It is an isomer of enflurane. Physical Properties of Isoflurane : • It is Colorless. • It has pungent ethereal odor so induction is not smooth. • Non inflammable, non explosive. • Vapor pressure similar to halothane (240 mmHg). Hence it also has agent specific Isoflurane vaporizer. Anesthetic
Halothane is a widely used inhalational agent. Physical Properties of Halothane : It is colorless liquid, volatile anesthetic. Pleasant to smell so excellent for induction in children. Stored in amber colored bottles and contains thymol 0.01% as preservative (to prevent decomposition by light). Non inflammable, non explosive. Nonirritant, so induction is very smooth. Boiling point
The effect of Halothane on the liver is that it causes hepatitis called as halothane hepatitis. Incidence of massive hepatic necrosis as a result of halothane hepatitis is 1 in 35,000. Risk factors for halothane hepatitis are: Multiple exposures is single most important factor. Hypoxia. Middle age. Obesity. Females. Patient with other autoimmune diseases. Pathologic
Desflurane is an inhalational agent used in anesthesia that is similar to isoflurane except the chlorine atom of isoflurane is replaced by fluorine atom which produces significant changes in physical properties. Physical Properties of Desflurane : It is colorless liquid. Pungent odor, so induction is not pleasant. Vapor pressure of Desflurane is very high (681
The endotracheal tube position should always be confirmed because the correct placement of the tube is essential for proper ventilation of a person. If the endotracheal tube position is not correct within no time the patient can become hypoxic due to the unavailability of oxygen to the lungs. The tube may be wrongly placed in
