Subhypnotic doses of IV like Propofol 10 mg have been used to treat pruritus caused by neuraxial opioids. However, this beneficial effect has not been achieved in other studies. Propofol has been shown to possess antipruritic effect. Subhypnotic doses of propofol may be effective for the short-term symptomatic relief of pruritus associated with liver disease. Such […]
Clonidine is an alpha-2 receptor agonist that down regulates the sympathetic nervous system. By stimulating alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the brain stem, clonidine activates inhibitory pathways in the central nervous system (CNS), which results in reduced catecholamine release and reduced sympathetic outflow from the CNS. This effectively causes a decrease in blood pressure, heart rate,
There are several oxygen physical properties : 1. Oxygen is colorless, odorless and tasteless gas. 2. Specific gravity is 1.106. 3. Molecular weight is 32. 4. In normal atmospheric pressure it liquefies at 183°C. 5. Solubility in water is 2.4 volume% at 37°C and 4.9 volume% at 0°C. 6. Inflammibility—it cannot be ignited but its
At sub anesthetic doses, propofol anticonvulsant has been effectively used to suppress seizures during refractory status epilepticus, a mechanism, in part, attributed to the inhibition of neuronal sodium channels. It is effective in most patients, and the side effects are infrequent, of minor severity, and fully reversible. However, high doses of propofol may be necessary
Vasopressin dose should be calculated before giving. Vasopressin is the exogenous, parenteral form of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) that may be used for several conditions in the intensive care unit (ICU), including the treatment of central diabetes insipidus and as a vasopressor agent in shock. Endogenous vasopressin dose is an important stress hormone and plays a
Propofol anesthesia has become the induction drug of choice for most of the surgical procedures, especially when rapid and complete awakening is desirable. Continuous IV infusion of Propofol anesthesia with or without other anesthetic drugs, is commonly used in TIVA and for sedation. Due to its quick onset and offset characteristics it is also becoming
Various drugs than but with either less potency, or slight variation in their spectrum of pethidine cns excitation are included. Phenyl piperidines: Meperidine, phenoperidine Diphenyl compounds: Methadone, dextropropoxyphene Miscellaneous: Oxycodeine, hydrocoedine There are specific differences of these drugs as per their clinical importance of pethidine cns excitation. The equianalgesic dosages and potencies of various opioids
Bradycardia and asystole have been observed after induction of anesthesia with propofol. The risk of propofol bradycardia related death during propofol anesthesia has been estimated to be 1.4 in 100,000. Severe, refractory, and fatal bradycardia has been observed with long-term propofol bradycardia infusion. In contrast to thiopentone, propofol apparently lacks central vagolytic activity and may
Diazepam half life could be observed during rapid absorption from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, reaching peak concentrations in about 1 hour in adults and within 15 to 30 minutes in children. There is rapid uptake of diazepam into the brain, followed by redistribution to inactive tissue sites. The Vd of diazepam is large,
Autogenic training relaxation technique , systematic alternative tensing and relaxing of muscle groups is taught to patients (autogenic training) leading to deep relaxation and ability. In addition to these, diaphragmatic breathing, focused repetition of words/phrases/prayer (distraction), guided imagery, transcendental meditation, are additional methods used. • Pranic healing, • Psychic healing, • Magnetotherapy, • Aromatherapy, •
