Propofol anesthesia has become the induction drug of choice for most of the surgical procedures, especially when rapid and complete awakening is desirable. Continuous IV infusion of Propofol anesthesia with or without other anesthetic drugs, is commonly used in TIVA and for sedation. Due to its quick onset and offset characteristics it is also becoming
The exact site of mechanisms of action of inhalation anesthetics is not certain but possible sites are macroscopic (CNS-brain), microscopic (axons and synapses) and molecular (pre- and postsynaptic membranes). Hence, the possible mechanisms of action of inhalation anesthetics is varied: a) Multiple receptor sites b) Motor inhibition at spinal cord level c) Many neurotransmitters are
Among benzodiazepine equivalence , differences in the onset and duration of action are due to their potency, lipid solubility and pharmacokinetics. Benzodiazepine equivalence is used to understand the relative differences in the action and effects of the different types of benzodiazepines. All benzodiazepines are highly lipid soluble and are highly bound to plasma proteins, especially
Propofol is a global central nervous system depressant. Propofol general anesthesia decreases cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and intracranial pressure (ICP). Decrease in CBF is more than sevoflurane. Propofol is a cerebral vasoconstrictor and thus lowers ICP. Propofol decreases ICP greater than isoflurane and sevoflurane while cerebral perfusion pressure is
Various drugs than but with either less potency, or slight variation in their spectrum of pethidine cns excitation are included. Phenyl piperidines: Meperidine, phenoperidine Diphenyl compounds: Methadone, dextropropoxyphene Miscellaneous: Oxycodeine, hydrocoedine There are specific differences of these drugs as per their clinical importance of pethidine cns excitation. The equianalgesic dosages and potencies of various opioids
Subhypnotic doses of IV like Propofol 10 mg have been used to treat pruritus caused by neuraxial opioids. However, this beneficial effect has not been achieved in other studies. Propofol has been shown to possess antipruritic effect. Subhypnotic doses of propofol may be effective for the short-term symptomatic relief of pruritus associated with liver disease. Such
Etomidate dosage may be viewed as an alternative to propofol or barbiturates for the IV induction of anaesthesia, especially in the presence of an unstable cardiovascular system. After a standard induction dose of 0.2 to 0.4 mg/kg IV, the onset of unconsciousness occurs within one arm-to-brain circulation time. Involuntary myoclonic movements are common during the
Inadequate and incomplete pain assessment methods contribute to inadequate pain management. Thus, to gather all the information about pain is very important. There are multiple methods available depending on: A. Subjective description B. Objective description C. Characteristic of pain D. Description of pain There are many components mentioned for “Ideal pain Assessment” like patient quotes,
Some of the Ketamine effects discussed here. Ketamine does not increase the intraocular pressure (lOP) in routine analgesic doses. Even after the IM injection of 8 mg/kg, ketamine doses not raise lOP. However, in an: other study, in children anaesthetized with halothane, ketamine demonstrated a dose-dependent effect on lOP. A dose of 6 mg/kg IM
Midazolam pediatric dose loading dose may be followed by a continuous IV infusion to maintain the effect. IV loading doses should not be used in neonates. Continuous IV infusion for sedation in critical care settings is important in pediatric patients. To initiate sedation using midazolam, an IV loading dose of 0.05 to 0.2 mg/kg administered
