Once Pure agent scheme of presentation is executed it becomes very easy to deal with all the actions of the drugs of various classes of opioids, including pure agonist opioid . While understanding the pharmacological, systemic effect of these drugs it is logically possible to fix the action as per the neuroanatomical site of origin […]
From time immemorial mankind has been aware of opium classification . The word opium itself is derived from Greek word for juice. Arabian traders popularized it and introduced it to Europe. Paracelsus (1493—1541) reintroduced it and made it popular. It was at one time considered as “God’s own medicine” and used in various remedies from
This butorphanol drug class was introduced about 25-30 years back. That was the era of morphine, pethidine, so it did not gain much acceptance. But now re-introduced, has become a major “find”. It is a classical example of “resurrection”. Butorphanol is a morphinan derivative with spectrum of activity almost like pentazocine, only that it is 20
Drugs like sufentanil, alfentanil, fentanyl and other opiates although belong to phenyl piperidine group like pethidine (meperidine), their spectrum of action is more morphine-mimicking, more like mediated through β endorphin and t receptors. Actually there are some very striking differences between the two: Fentanyl and other opiates unlike, morphine, is very highly lipid soluble, so
Inadequate and incomplete pain assessment methods contribute to inadequate pain management. Thus, to gather all the information about pain is very important. There are multiple methods available depending on: A. Subjective description B. Objective description C. Characteristic of pain D. Description of pain There are many components mentioned for “Ideal pain Assessment” like patient quotes,
There are various ways of describing what is opioid. The common feature of all the drugs belonging to the group of these drugs is a phenanthrene ring with side chain and additional rings that might be added to the central ring itself or to the side chains. 1. Naturally occurring: morphine, codeine, kheline, noscapine, and thebaine. 2.
The binding site is called the ‘receptor’ and the mechanism as opioid receptor mechanism . Any pharmacological activity requires an agent, a target organ and a specific binding site in that organ. The receptor due to its affinity to the drug and opioid receptor mechanism , permits attachment of the drug to itself, which then
Clinical Features for acute opioid toxicity treatment is necessary at times.The clinical occurrence of acute opioid toxicity is due to any of the following three main reasons: • Clinical overdosage: Either iatrogenic or patient-controlled analgesia pumps. • Accidental overdosage by addicts. • Attempts at suicide. Whatever might be the cause, “high degree of suspicion” is
Partial agonist buprenorphine is an opioid, which strikingly differs chemically from other opioids, in that it is not related to morphine, but to another alkaloid called thebaine. So buprenorphine is a semi synthetic opioid. Pharmacodynamically, partial agonist buprenorphine is highly potent. 0.3 mg is equianalgesic with 10 mg of morphine. It has a 50 times
Various drugs than but with either less potency, or slight variation in their spectrum of pethidine cns excitation are included. Phenyl piperidines: Meperidine, phenoperidine Diphenyl compounds: Methadone, dextropropoxyphene Miscellaneous: Oxycodeine, hydrocoedine There are specific differences of these drugs as per their clinical importance of pethidine cns excitation. The equianalgesic dosages and potencies of various opioids
