Blind nasal intubation is the technique of intubation wherein a nasotracheal tube is passed into the trachea through the nose, without visualization of the glottis with laryngoscope. This is an advanced method that can be carried out only in experienced and skilled hands especially like those of the anesthetists. A blind nasal intubation should always […]
The four most common embolism seen in the critical care patient population are air embolism, fat embolism, cholesterol embolism, and blood embolism (clots). Embolism is an uncommon complication of altered mentation after invasive procedures, but it must be placed on the list of differential diagnoses. Air embolism occurs when air enters the systemic vascular circulation
A common mistake made by many clinicians is that they confuse cardiac output for Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction. Lets see how Cardiac Output is not Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction . Cardiac output equals the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute, whereas stroke volume (SV) is the amount pumped on a single beat. Cardiac output
Cardiac Output is not Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Read More »
Chronic oxygen deficiency is defined as a prolonged lack of oxygen to the body as that occurs in living in high altitudes or by having severe chronic lung disease. Chronic oxygen deficiency have the following effects : There is decreased mental efficiency due the prolonged deficiency of oxygen Sleepiness, headache, lassitude and fatigubility are also common Euphoria is also
Synthetic oxygen carriers are also called as artificial blood or substitute blood. The Synthetic oxygen carriers are substances that can be used as alternatives to blood, when blood is required to be transfused to a patient. These Synthetic oxygen carriers or artificial blood is especially useful if due to some reason compatible blood is not
The Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA Act) was passed by the U.S. Congress in 1986 to prevent hospitals from rejecting, refusing, or transferring patients because they are unable to pay or because they have public health insurance. The main purpose of EMTALA Act is to ensure nondiscriminatory patient access to emergency medical
Ketamine receptors have GABAA receptor agonistic properties. Subanaesthetic doses of Ketamine receptors inhibits tonic convulsions induced by the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline. The GABAA receptor agonist, muscimol, potentiates ketamin induced anesthesia whereas, bicuculline antagonizes it. Opioid Receptors : Ketamine receptors has been reported to interact with opioid receptors in clinically relevant concentration. Other studies have suggested
Autologous blood Transfusion Techniques: AutoIogous Blood The blood of a person himself is called as autologous blood. Usually, 3 to 4 units of patient’s own blood are taken 4 to 6 weeks before surgery but hematocrit should not be allowed to fall below 35% and hemoglobin less than 11 g%. The patient’s blood is transfused back
Oxygen Toxicity occurs when excessive oxygen inhalation is done as in prolonged ventilation with hundred percent (100%) oxygen. When the inspired oxygen saturation or FiO2 of a patient on oxygen therapy is kept for long time Toxicity of oxygen is bound can take place. FiO2 of 100 % should not be kept for more than 12
Signs and Symptoms of hemolytic reaction An acute hemolytic reaction occurs when immunologic incompatibility following transfusion, between the donor and the recipient results in lysis of red blood cells. Most hemolytic reactions are due to the transfusion of ABO-incompatible packed red blood cells secondary to clerical or system errors. The severity of the reaction is
