Cranial Perfusion Pressure is the blood pressure in the brain that is required to maintain adequate circulation in the brain and thus maintain the important cerebral functions. Very low Perfusion Pressure in the brain will result in inadequate circulation to the brain and reduced oxygen and glucose supply to the brain with which it functions. The
A woman in the third trimester of pregnancy is predisposed to supine hypotension syndrome in pregnancy while in the supine or sitting position due to the hemodynamic and anatomic changes of pregnancy. The large uterus of late pregnancy can compress the inferior vena cava (IVC) such that venous return is significantly reduced. This decreased preload
Cyanide Toxicity can occur with sodium nitroprusside. Hypertension is commonly seen in the perioperative setting as well as the intensive care unit (ICU). There are many agents to lower blood pressure with different mechanisms of action. One of the most potent vasodilators is sodium nitroprusside, which causes arteriolar and venous smooth muscle relaxation via nitric oxide-mediated
Extubation is the process of removal of an Endotracheal tube from a patient. A person is usually put on endotracheal tube if he is unconscious so as to protect his airways or to ventilate the person if he is not breathing adequately. Intubation is also the best method to secure an airway even in the
The Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA Act) was passed by the U.S. Congress in 1986 to prevent hospitals from rejecting, refusing, or transferring patients because they are unable to pay or because they have public health insurance. The main purpose of EMTALA Act is to ensure nondiscriminatory patient access to emergency medical
The principal options for Cerebral vasospasm treatment and treating delayed cerebral ischaemia are haemodynamic augmentation and endovascular therapy. Alternative therapies include intra-aortic counter pulsation (IABC), therapeutic hypothermia dedicated Cerebral vasospasm treatment and barbiturate coma. The concept of haemodynamic augmentation – also referred to as hypertension, hypervolemia, hemodilution or triple-H therapy—in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
Oxygen Toxicity occurs when excessive oxygen inhalation is done as in prolonged ventilation with hundred percent (100%) oxygen. When the inspired oxygen saturation or FiO2 of a patient on oxygen therapy is kept for long time Toxicity of oxygen is bound can take place. FiO2 of 100 % should not be kept for more than 12
Acute myopathy has been increasingly recognized as a significant complication of patients cared for in the intensive care unit (ICU). The term critical illness myopathy (CIM) or ICU Myopathy is now used to describe a general syndrome of muscle dysfunction occurring in the critically ill patient, with subtypes of CIM also being defined. The major
Unstable pelvic fractures include disruption of the ring anteriorly at the symphysis pubis or through a pubic bone and are broadly categorized into three types: anterior-posterior open book pelvic fracture, lateral compression fracture, and vertical shear malgaigne pelvic fracture. Pelvic fractures from blunt force trauma are broadly categorized as either stable or unstable based on
Open book pelvic fracture and Malgaigne pelvic fracture Read More »
Solid organ transplantation is the therapy of choice for patients with end-organ failure. Despite numerous advances in the field, the number of individuals awaiting solid organ transplantation continues to exceed the supply of organs. One approach to increasing the supply of organs is to maximize donation rates of eligible patients. Family consent rates for donation
