The neuroprotective effects of Magnesium on Brain have been reported in experimental models of traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischaemia and acute subarachnoid haemorrhage. Magnesium on Brain reduces infarct volume in various animal models of embolic stroke. The mechanisms by which magnesium protects include the reduction of presynaptic release of glutamate, blockade of NMDA receptors, smooth […]
Unfractionated heparin is a mixture of different weights of heparin (5 to 30k) that have varying effects on factors IIa, IXa, and Xa. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is a subset of heparin (weight ~5k) that has activity on factor Xa, but not on IIa. LMWH has the advantage of less binding to protein and dose-independent clearance.
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Cerebral ischaemia or hypoxia may occur as a consequence of shock, vascular stenosis or occlusion, vasospasm, neurotrauma and cardiac arrest. Strategies to protect the brain i.e Cerebral protection from ischemic/hypoxic insults are based on the understanding of pathophysiological processes that follow ischemia/hypoxia to result in neuronal death. Neurologic morbidity is common in those patients experiencing
Despite the great strides made over the last decades in improving survival after thermal injury, infectious complications remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Nearly 50% of all burn deaths are related to infected burn. Several factors contribute to the high incidence and severity of infection in burn patients. First, a profound immune suppression
The aim of the airway device is to prevent the tongue fail. The tip of airway gets inserted between tongue and posterior pharyngeal wall and thus prevents the tongue failing back on posterior pharyngeal wall. The various usages of the airway device are: As an alternative to intubation where difficult intubation is anticipated. Securing airway in
What are the Indications for and Contraindications to Thrombolytics? Mr. XXX is a 66-year-old male who is postoperative day number one after hip replacement surgery and complains of acute onset of chest pain and shortness of breath. An electrocardiogram (ECG) is performed that shows new ST-segment elevation in leads II, III, and aVF. You are alone
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Many drugs are metabolized to active metabolites. This is usually carried out by the liver in the form of reductions, oxidations, and the addition of methyl, acetyl, and other groups. watchesbest.org While metabolites are usually a fraction as potent as the parent compound, in some situations they may be more potent and may accumulate to
The European—American Consensus Conference in 1993 provided working definitions of Acute Lung Injury and ARDS to improve diagnostic consistency and interpretation of the results of clinical and epidemiological studies. Both Acute Lung Injury and ARDS are characterized by the presence of hypoxemia and pulmonary infiltrates without elevated left atrial pressure. The two conditions are distinguished
Most common causes of acute respiratory distress syndrome ARDS cause a clinical condition called as ARDS first described by Ashbaugh in 1967, to describe a group of patients with acute inflammation of the lungs resulting in severe hypoxia that is not amenable for correction by oxygen therapy. The reported incidence of ARDS is about 1.5—13.5% per 100,000
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Cyanide Toxicity can occur with sodium nitroprusside. Hypertension is commonly seen in the perioperative setting as well as the intensive care unit (ICU). There are many agents to lower blood pressure with different mechanisms of action. One of the most potent vasodilators is sodium nitroprusside, which causes arteriolar and venous smooth muscle relaxation via nitric oxide-mediated
