Ketamine receptors have GABAA receptor agonistic properties. Subanaesthetic doses of Ketamine receptors inhibits tonic convulsions induced by the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline. The GABAA receptor agonist, muscimol, potentiates ketamin induced anesthesia whereas, bicuculline antagonizes it. Opioid Receptors : Ketamine receptors has been reported to interact with opioid receptors in clinically relevant concentration. Other studies have suggested […]
Acute Systemic lupus erythematosus (Acute SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease caused by autoantibodies and the deposition of immune complexes. The disease affects primarily women and has a higher prevalence among African Americans. A series of clinical findings is associated with acute SLE. These include a characteristic malar rash, photosensitivity, arthritis, serositis, and a discoid
Following are the Hypoxia signs Psychological Hypoxia signs – Higher centers are first impaired in hypoxia due to deficiency of oxygen to the brain tissue. Psychomotor and emotional judgement is poor in the absence of oxygen. The mechanisms mediating cerebral vasodilation during hypoxia are not fully understood but may include neurogenic effects initiated by peripheral and neuraxial chemoreceptors,
Chronic oxygen deficiency is defined as a prolonged lack of oxygen to the body as that occurs in living in high altitudes or by having severe chronic lung disease. Chronic oxygen deficiency have the following effects : There is decreased mental efficiency due the prolonged deficiency of oxygen Sleepiness, headache, lassitude and fatigubility are also common Euphoria is also
Nitric oxide Inhalation may cause selective reversible dose-dependent pulmonary vasodilatation. It improves ventilation and perfusion of lungs, so beneficial in adult respiratory distress syndrome. It helps to reduce pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. It was known to be atmospheric pollutant produced by internal combustion of engines. It possesses various biological functions—there
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is currently used in various clinical treatment regimens like for treating carbon monoxide poisoning. These include decompression sickness, carbon monoxide poisoning, cyanide poisoning, gas embolus, gas gangrene, resistant anaerobic infections, and threatened split-thickness skin grafts. The mechanism of action in treating carbon monoxide poisoning purportedly involves increasing tissue oxygenation, which increases collagen
The preparation of carbon dioxide gas is needed before it is actually stored in cylinders. The preparation of carbon dioxide gas is done though following steps : 1. From fermentation in the brewing of beer 2. By-product of manufacture of hydrogen in petroleum refining 3. Combustion of other fuels 4. By heating magnesium and calcium
The four most common embolism seen in the critical care patient population are air embolism, fat embolism, cholesterol embolism, and blood embolism (clots). Embolism is an uncommon complication of altered mentation after invasive procedures, but it must be placed on the list of differential diagnoses. Air embolism occurs when air enters the systemic vascular circulation
Despite the great strides made over the last decades in improving survival after thermal injury, infectious complications remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Nearly 50% of all burn deaths are related to infected burn. Several factors contribute to the high incidence and severity of infection in burn patients. First, a profound immune suppression
The neuroprotective effects of Magnesium on Brain have been reported in experimental models of traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischaemia and acute subarachnoid haemorrhage. Magnesium on Brain reduces infarct volume in various animal models of embolic stroke. The mechanisms by which magnesium protects include the reduction of presynaptic release of glutamate, blockade of NMDA receptors, smooth
