Percutaneous coronary intervention or pci cardiac with stenting has revolutionized the care for patients with acute myocardial infarctions. Intracoronary stent placement in pci cardiac reduces the long-termrecurrence of stenosis. In addition, the combination of stenting with administration of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa) inhibitor agents, which prohibit the binding of fibrinogen and proteins to platelets, has
Chronic atrial fibrillation (A fib) has an incidence of 0.4% in the general population (approximately 10% of those more than 60 years of age) and many of these patients are admitted to intensive or intermediate care units for reasons unrelated to this diagnosis. Chronic atrial fibrillation needs to be clearly differentiated from new-onset atrial fibrillation
Cerebral ischaemia or hypoxia may occur as a consequence of shock, vascular stenosis or occlusion, vasospasm, neurotrauma and cardiac arrest. Strategies to protect the brain i.e Cerebral protection from ischemic/hypoxic insults are based on the understanding of pathophysiological processes that follow ischemia/hypoxia to result in neuronal death. Neurologic morbidity is common in those patients experiencing
Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is common with an estimated 8,000 to 10,000 new cases in the United States each year. The mean age of presentation is 31 years and the majority of patients are male. SCI is associated with significant long-term disability and mortality. Etiology Spinal cord injury has traditionally been classified as traumatic
The major complications of transfusion of blood are the following: 1. Transfusion Reactions : These reactions may be allergic or haemolytic: Haemolytic Reactions These are again divided in to Delayed Hemolytic reactions and Acute Hemolytic reactions. Allergic Reactions These are usually mild, manifesting as urticaria and are mainly due to plasma proteins. Treatment: Antihistamines (Avil)
The aim of the airway device is to prevent the tongue fail. The tip of airway gets inserted between tongue and posterior pharyngeal wall and thus prevents the tongue failing back on posterior pharyngeal wall. The various usages of the airway device are: As an alternative to intubation where difficult intubation is anticipated. Securing airway in
The postoperative management of a kidney transplant recipient requires meticulous monitoring of urine output and electrolyte levels. Renal allografts will not necessarily make urine as soon as they are reperfused. Depending on the particular center, the incidence of delayed graft function ranges from 5% to 15% in cadaveric and from 0% to 5% in live
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Nitric oxide Inhalation may cause selective reversible dose-dependent pulmonary vasodilatation. It improves ventilation and perfusion of lungs, so beneficial in adult respiratory distress syndrome. It helps to reduce pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. It was known to be atmospheric pollutant produced by internal combustion of engines. It possesses various biological functions—there
The principal options for Cerebral vasospasm treatment and treating delayed cerebral ischaemia are haemodynamic augmentation and endovascular therapy. Alternative therapies include intra-aortic counter pulsation (IABC), therapeutic hypothermia dedicated Cerebral vasospasm treatment and barbiturate coma. The concept of haemodynamic augmentation – also referred to as hypertension, hypervolemia, hemodilution or triple-H therapy—in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
Autologous blood Transfusion Techniques: AutoIogous Blood The blood of a person himself is called as autologous blood. Usually, 3 to 4 units of patient’s own blood are taken 4 to 6 weeks before surgery but hematocrit should not be allowed to fall below 35% and hemoglobin less than 11 g%. The patient’s blood is transfused back
