The four most common embolism seen in the critical care patient population are air embolism, fat embolism, cholesterol embolism, and blood embolism (clots). Embolism is an uncommon complication of altered mentation after invasive procedures, but it must be placed on the list of differential diagnoses. Air embolism occurs when air enters the systemic vascular circulation […]
Missed injuries, commonly referred to as the trauma surgeon’s nemesis, are an expected occurrence in the management of multiply injured patients. The definition of a missed injury is institution specific. Generally speaking, however, a missed injury is an injury identified at some defined time after the initial assessment. Missed injuries are not frequently life-threatening. However,
The European—American Consensus Conference in 1993 provided working definitions of Acute Lung Injury and ARDS to improve diagnostic consistency and interpretation of the results of clinical and epidemiological studies. Both Acute Lung Injury and ARDS are characterized by the presence of hypoxemia and pulmonary infiltrates without elevated left atrial pressure. The two conditions are distinguished
Cranial Perfusion Pressure is the blood pressure in the brain that is required to maintain adequate circulation in the brain and thus maintain the important cerebral functions. Very low Perfusion Pressure in the brain will result in inadequate circulation to the brain and reduced oxygen and glucose supply to the brain with which it functions. The
Percutaneous coronary intervention or pci cardiac with stenting has revolutionized the care for patients with acute myocardial infarctions. Intracoronary stent placement in pci cardiac reduces the long-termrecurrence of stenosis. In addition, the combination of stenting with administration of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa) inhibitor agents, which prohibit the binding of fibrinogen and proteins to platelets, has
If you want to convert MMhg to CMh2o the following knowledge is important for this. Pressure is defined as the force per unit area. It can be applied either to a solid or a liquid interface at a point perpendicular to the surface and is represented by the height of the column that exerts a
What are the Indications for and Contraindications to Thrombolytics? Mr. XXX is a 66-year-old male who is postoperative day number one after hip replacement surgery and complains of acute onset of chest pain and shortness of breath. An electrocardiogram (ECG) is performed that shows new ST-segment elevation in leads II, III, and aVF. You are alone
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Hyperbaric Oxygen means delivering the oxygen above atmospheric pressure which is 760 mmHg (or 1 atm). Special hyperbaric chambers are made for providing hyperbaric Oxygen, which are very expensive. Hyperbaric Oxygen Uses A. Poisonings: Carbon monoxide poisoning (half life of CO at 1 atm is 214 minutes which can be reduced to 19 minutes at
Blood Type and Crossmatch is essential for the management of all surgical cases as well as critically ill patients. Although red cell membrane contains more than 300 antigens and 20 blood group antigens are known but still the most important Is ABO grouping because most serious mismatch transfusions reactions are usually caused by ABO incompatible
Cyanide Toxicity can occur with sodium nitroprusside. Hypertension is commonly seen in the perioperative setting as well as the intensive care unit (ICU). There are many agents to lower blood pressure with different mechanisms of action. One of the most potent vasodilators is sodium nitroprusside, which causes arteriolar and venous smooth muscle relaxation via nitric oxide-mediated
