Blind nasal intubation is the technique of intubation wherein a nasotracheal tube is passed into the trachea through the nose, without visualization of the glottis with laryngoscope. This is an advanced method that can be carried out only in experienced and skilled hands especially like those of the anesthetists. A blind nasal intubation should always […]
Stored blood is one of the commonest transfused volume replacements. Blood is stored in the cold part of refrigerator at 4°C (never in the freezer). Since blood from donors it taken long before it has to be given to a patient, it is stored in the meantime in refrigerator to preserve it from getting spoiled. It can be
Blood Type and Crossmatch is essential for the management of all surgical cases as well as critically ill patients. Although red cell membrane contains more than 300 antigens and 20 blood group antigens are known but still the most important Is ABO grouping because most serious mismatch transfusions reactions are usually caused by ABO incompatible
There are numerous uses of carbon dioxide in modern anesthesia. It is used : • To increase depth of anesthesia with volatile anesthetic agents by stimulating respiration.- • To increase cerebral blood flow during carotid artery surgery. • To produce hyperventilation during blind nasal intubation. • To stimulate the respiration after artificial hyperventilation. • It
Chest pain in the intensive care unit (ICU) is a common and potentially serious complaint. The differential diagnosis of noncardiac chest pain is broad, and the physician must not be limited to cardiac etiologies, although myocardial infarction and angina must always be considered. The initial approach to Noncardiac Chest Pain requires a rapid evaluation, history,
The astute clinician will recognize that although a common cause of fever in the ICU is infection, many cases are of noninfectious fever. Fever in the intensive care unit (ICU) patient is a common problem that results in the performance of many diagnostics tests. This increases both the costs of medical care and the exposure
According to the chest pain guidelines the faster the diagnosis can be made and the occlusion reversed, the more likely the patient is to salvage myocardial tissue and benefit from improved outcomes. Cardiovascular disease is a dominant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and acute myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the
Cauda equina syndrome arises from compression of the lumbosacral nerve roots. Large herniated lumbar intervertebral discs are the most common culprit. Other sources of compression include spinal or sacral fractures or surgery common in ICU trauma patients, lumbosacral neoplasms, spinal stenosis, nonneoplastic masses such as cysts, peripheral neuropathy, and infectious processes. Low back pain is
Chronic atrial fibrillation (A fib) has an incidence of 0.4% in the general population (approximately 10% of those more than 60 years of age) and many of these patients are admitted to intensive or intermediate care units for reasons unrelated to this diagnosis. Chronic atrial fibrillation needs to be clearly differentiated from new-onset atrial fibrillation
A common mistake made by many clinicians is that they confuse cardiac output for Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction. Lets see how Cardiac Output is not Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction . Cardiac output equals the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute, whereas stroke volume (SV) is the amount pumped on a single beat. Cardiac output
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