Critical Care

Open book pelvic fracture and Malgaigne pelvic fracture

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Unstable pelvic fractures include disruption of the ring anteriorly at the symphysis pubis or through a pubic bone and are broadly categorized into three types: anterior-posterior open book pelvic fracture, lateral compression fracture, and vertical shear malgaigne pelvic fracture. Pelvic fractures from blunt force trauma are broadly categorized as either stable or unstable based on […]

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Acute SLE

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Acute Systemic lupus erythematosus (Acute SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease caused by autoantibodies and the deposition of immune complexes. The disease affects primarily women and has a higher prevalence among African Americans. A series of clinical findings is associated with acute SLE. These include a characteristic malar rash, photosensitivity, arthritis, serositis, and a discoid

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Cyanide Toxicity with sodium nitroprusside

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Cyanide Toxicity can occur with sodium nitroprusside. Hypertension is commonly seen in the perioperative setting as well as the intensive care unit (ICU). There are many agents to lower blood pressure with different mechanisms of action. One of the most potent vasodilators is sodium nitroprusside, which causes arteriolar and venous smooth muscle relaxation via nitric oxide-mediated

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Hyperbaric Oxygen

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Hyperbaric Oxygen means delivering the oxygen above atmospheric pressure which is 760 mmHg (or 1 atm). Special hyperbaric chambers are made for providing hyperbaric Oxygen, which are very expensive. Hyperbaric Oxygen Uses A. Poisonings: Carbon monoxide poisoning (half life of CO at 1 atm is 214 minutes which can be reduced to 19 minutes at

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Cerebral protection

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Cerebral ischaemia or hypoxia may occur as a consequence of shock, vascular stenosis or occlusion, vasospasm, neurotrauma and cardiac arrest. Strategies to protect the brain i.e Cerebral protection from ischemic/hypoxic insults are based on the understanding of pathophysiological processes that follow ischemia/hypoxia to result in neuronal death. Neurologic morbidity is common in those patients experiencing

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Spinal cord injury

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Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is common with an estimated 8,000 to 10,000 new cases in the United States each year. The mean age of presentation is 31 years and the majority of patients are male. SCI is associated with significant long-term disability and mortality. Etiology Spinal cord injury has traditionally been classified as traumatic

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Milrinone in Renal Failure

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Mechanism of Action of Milrinone Milrinone is a selective inhibitor of type III cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase isoenzyme in cardiac and vascular smooth muscle. Its inhibitory action on phosphodiesterase results in increased cAMP levels, which in turn increases contractility in cardiac muscle and stimulates vasodilatation in blood vessels. This causes an increase in cardiac

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PCI cardiac

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Percutaneous coronary intervention or pci cardiac with stenting has revolutionized the care for patients with acute myocardial infarctions. Intracoronary stent placement in pci cardiac reduces the long-termrecurrence of stenosis. In addition, the combination of stenting with administration of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa) inhibitor agents, which prohibit the binding of fibrinogen and proteins to platelets, has

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