Post operative hypoxia is caused by several factors : I. General—patient’s factors Exaggerated preoperative problems such as: • Extreme obesity • Geriatric age • Pre-existing cardiopulmonary disease 2. Diminished inspired oxygen • Lack of oxygen supplementation devices • Excessive suctioning • Diffusion hypoxia after nitrous oxide 3. Impaired ventilatory inefficiency • Obstructed upper airway
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is currently used in various clinical treatment regimens like for treating carbon monoxide poisoning. These include decompression sickness, carbon monoxide poisoning, cyanide poisoning, gas embolus, gas gangrene, resistant anaerobic infections, and threatened split-thickness skin grafts. The mechanism of action in treating carbon monoxide poisoning purportedly involves increasing tissue oxygenation, which increases collagen
Most common causes of acute respiratory distress syndrome ARDS cause a clinical condition called as ARDS first described by Ashbaugh in 1967, to describe a group of patients with acute inflammation of the lungs resulting in severe hypoxia that is not amenable for correction by oxygen therapy. The reported incidence of ARDS is about 1.5—13.5% per 100,000
Most common causes of acute respiratory distress syndrome ARDS Read More »
Chest pain in the intensive care unit (ICU) is a common and potentially serious complaint. The differential diagnosis of noncardiac chest pain is broad, and the physician must not be limited to cardiac etiologies, although myocardial infarction and angina must always be considered. The initial approach to Noncardiac Chest Pain requires a rapid evaluation, history,
Missed injuries, commonly referred to as the trauma surgeon’s nemesis, are an expected occurrence in the management of multiply injured patients. The definition of a missed injury is institution specific. Generally speaking, however, a missed injury is an injury identified at some defined time after the initial assessment. Missed injuries are not frequently life-threatening. However,
Oxygen partial pressure decreases to 100 mm Hg up to alveoli. Oxygen tension in venous blood is 40 mm Hg. About one-fifth (20.9%) of air contains oxygen. In the inspired air, oxygen has partial pressure at 1/5 of the atmospheric pressure, i.e., 159 mm Hg. The larger the O2 or CO2 tension difference between the
Electrical burn continue to be clinically and surgically challenging for surgeons and critical care physicians worldwide. Gross underestimation of the initial injury has repeatedly proven to increase morbidity and detrimental to the overall outcome. To briefly review, electricity is the flow of electrons through a conductor via the force of voltage. Voltage is categorized into
Signs and Symptoms of hemolytic reaction An acute hemolytic reaction occurs when immunologic incompatibility following transfusion, between the donor and the recipient results in lysis of red blood cells. Most hemolytic reactions are due to the transfusion of ABO-incompatible packed red blood cells secondary to clerical or system errors. The severity of the reaction is
AMBU Ventilation is an important part in resuscitation of an apnoeic person or a person who is not breathing. The AMBU of an AMBU bag is an abbreviation for ‘Artificial Manual Breathing Unit’. The AMBU bag is used to ventilate the patient. An AMBU Ventilation unit consists of one self inflating bag made up of
Although mannitol remains the mainstay of hyperosmolar therapy, Hypertonic Saline Infusion is an alternative to mannitol. The main theoretical justification for using Hypertonic Saline Infusion stems from the fact that an intact BBB is less permeable to saline than to mannitol. In clinical reports of intracranial hypertension from various causes, HS has been shown to
