Anesthesia General

Delayed Hemolytic reactions and Acute Hemolytic reactions

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Hemolytic Reactions Hemolytic reactions can be: Acute Hemolytic reactions Delayed Hemolytic reactions: The Delayed Hemolytic reactions are seen after a few days of blood transfusion. Acute hemolytic reactions It is usually due to ABO incompatibility (mismatch reaction). The most common cause of these transfusion reactions is clerical error. There is intravascular hemolysis. Incidence is […]

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Noninfectious Fever

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The astute clinician will recognize that although a common cause of fever in the ICU is infection, many cases are of noninfectious fever. Fever in the intensive care unit (ICU) patient is a common problem that results in the performance of many diagnostics tests. This increases both the costs of medical care and the exposure

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Blind Nasal Intubation

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Blind nasal intubation is the technique of intubation wherein a nasotracheal tube is passed into the trachea through the nose, without visualization of the glottis with laryngoscope. This is an advanced method that can be carried out only in experienced and skilled hands especially like those of the anesthetists. A blind nasal intubation should always

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Chronic oxygen deficiency

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Chronic oxygen deficiency is defined as a prolonged lack of oxygen to the body as that occurs in living in high altitudes or by having severe chronic lung disease. Chronic oxygen deficiency have the following effects : There is decreased mental efficiency due the prolonged deficiency of oxygen Sleepiness, headache, lassitude and fatigubility are also common Euphoria is also

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Hyperbaric Oxygen

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Hyperbaric Oxygen means delivering the oxygen above atmospheric pressure which is 760 mmHg (or 1 atm). Special hyperbaric chambers are made for providing hyperbaric Oxygen, which are very expensive. Hyperbaric Oxygen Uses A. Poisonings: Carbon monoxide poisoning (half life of CO at 1 atm is 214 minutes which can be reduced to 19 minutes at

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The Components of Blood

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The components of blood are frequently used for transfusion, separately in different medical conditions. Many times whole blood may not be indicated and one component is sufficient for treating the patient. Packed Cell Volume (PCV) Among the components of blood, Packed Cell Volume is the most important and commonly transfused component. These are used when

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Indications of Transfusion

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In adult with normal hemoglobin and hematocrit blood losses more than 20% of their blood volume (or hematocrit falls below 30%) are to be replaced with blood (while in western countries replacement may be required on loss more than 25 to 30%). A few important indications of transfusion of blood are mentioned below. • Losses

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Hypertonic Saline Infusion

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Although mannitol remains the mainstay of hyperosmolar therapy, Hypertonic Saline Infusion is an alternative to mannitol. The main theoretical justification for using Hypertonic Saline Infusion stems from the fact that an intact BBB is less permeable to saline than to mannitol. In clinical reports of intracranial hypertension from various causes, HS has been shown to

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Viable fetus

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Fetal distress can be caused by a host of factors; most notably, hypoxemia and hypovolemia are dangerous for the viable fetus. It is not uncommon for a pregnant patient to be affected by critical illness. Examples of nonobstetric maladies that lead to intensive care unit admission among pregnant women are hematologic issues (venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolus,

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Brain Hypothermia

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The capacity of deliberate Brain Hypothermia to protect the brain and other vital organs during periods of decreased oxygen delivery is used during cardiac surgery. The beneficial effects of Brain Hypothermia were empirically attributed to its ability to decrease cellular metabolism and thus delay the processes leading to irreversible cell death. Based on this, it

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