Most common causes of acute respiratory distress syndrome ARDS cause a clinical condition called as ARDS first described by Ashbaugh in 1967, to describe a group of patients with acute inflammation of the lungs resulting in severe hypoxia that is not amenable for correction by oxygen therapy. The reported incidence of ARDS is about 1.5—13.5% per 100,000
Most common causes of acute respiratory distress syndrome ARDS Read More »
Blood Type and Crossmatch is essential for the management of all surgical cases as well as critically ill patients. Although red cell membrane contains more than 300 antigens and 20 blood group antigens are known but still the most important Is ABO grouping because most serious mismatch transfusions reactions are usually caused by ABO incompatible
Fetal distress can be caused by a host of factors; most notably, hypoxemia and hypovolemia are dangerous for the viable fetus. It is not uncommon for a pregnant patient to be affected by critical illness. Examples of nonobstetric maladies that lead to intensive care unit admission among pregnant women are hematologic issues (venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolus,
Intensive care unit scoring systems or ICU scoring systems like APACHE and SAPS fall into two broad categories. Risk prediction (also called prognostic) models are designed to assess prognosis at the time of admission to the ICU or within the first 24 hours. Severity-of-illness scoring systems are used in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting as tools
In adult with normal hemoglobin and hematocrit blood losses more than 20% of their blood volume (or hematocrit falls below 30%) are to be replaced with blood (while in western countries replacement may be required on loss more than 25 to 30%). A few important indications of transfusion of blood are mentioned below. • Losses
Ketamine receptors have GABAA receptor agonistic properties. Subanaesthetic doses of Ketamine receptors inhibits tonic convulsions induced by the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline. The GABAA receptor agonist, muscimol, potentiates ketamin induced anesthesia whereas, bicuculline antagonizes it. Opioid Receptors : Ketamine receptors has been reported to interact with opioid receptors in clinically relevant concentration. Other studies have suggested
Chronic oxygen deficiency is defined as a prolonged lack of oxygen to the body as that occurs in living in high altitudes or by having severe chronic lung disease. Chronic oxygen deficiency have the following effects : There is decreased mental efficiency due the prolonged deficiency of oxygen Sleepiness, headache, lassitude and fatigubility are also common Euphoria is also
The preparation of carbon dioxide gas is needed before it is actually stored in cylinders. The preparation of carbon dioxide gas is done though following steps : 1. From fermentation in the brewing of beer 2. By-product of manufacture of hydrogen in petroleum refining 3. Combustion of other fuels 4. By heating magnesium and calcium
Nitric oxide Inhalation may cause selective reversible dose-dependent pulmonary vasodilatation. It improves ventilation and perfusion of lungs, so beneficial in adult respiratory distress syndrome. It helps to reduce pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. It was known to be atmospheric pollutant produced by internal combustion of engines. It possesses various biological functions—there
There are 4 types of Hypoxia . The 4 types of Hypoxia are as follows: 1. Anoxic hypoxia or Diffusion hypoxia Anoxic hypoxia also called as diffusion hypoxia is essentially due to the deficiency of oxygen being absorbed by the lungs. This is either due to a decrease in the inspired concentration of oxygen in the air
