The major complications of transfusion of blood are the following: 1. Transfusion Reactions : These reactions may be allergic or haemolytic: Haemolytic Reactions These are again divided in to Delayed Hemolytic reactions and Acute Hemolytic reactions. Allergic Reactions These are usually mild, manifesting as urticaria and are mainly due to plasma proteins. Treatment: Antihistamines (Avil) […]
The principal options for Cerebral vasospasm treatment and treating delayed cerebral ischaemia are haemodynamic augmentation and endovascular therapy. Alternative therapies include intra-aortic counter pulsation (IABC), therapeutic hypothermia dedicated Cerebral vasospasm treatment and barbiturate coma. The concept of haemodynamic augmentation – also referred to as hypertension, hypervolemia, hemodilution or triple-H therapy—in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
Although mannitol remains the mainstay of hyperosmolar therapy, Hypertonic Saline Infusion is an alternative to mannitol. The main theoretical justification for using Hypertonic Saline Infusion stems from the fact that an intact BBB is less permeable to saline than to mannitol. In clinical reports of intracranial hypertension from various causes, HS has been shown to
Carbon dioxide was discovered by Von Helmont and was isolated by Joseph Black in 1757. Physical properties of carbon dioxide were shown by Yandell Henderson in 1925 and J S Haldane in 1926. It was frequently used to stimulate respiration and there was provision for carbon dioxide cylinders on old Boyle’s machines. The physical properties of
Stored blood is one of the commonest transfused volume replacements. Blood is stored in the cold part of refrigerator at 4°C (never in the freezer). Since blood from donors it taken long before it has to be given to a patient, it is stored in the meantime in refrigerator to preserve it from getting spoiled. It can be
