Despite the great strides made over the last decades in improving survival after thermal injury, infectious complications remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Nearly 50% of all burn deaths are related to infected burn. Several factors contribute to the high incidence and severity of infection in burn patients. First, a profound immune suppression […]
Cyanide Toxicity can occur with sodium nitroprusside. Hypertension is commonly seen in the perioperative setting as well as the intensive care unit (ICU). There are many agents to lower blood pressure with different mechanisms of action. One of the most potent vasodilators is sodium nitroprusside, which causes arteriolar and venous smooth muscle relaxation via nitric oxide-mediated
Following are the Hypoxia signs Psychological Hypoxia signs – Higher centers are first impaired in hypoxia due to deficiency of oxygen to the brain tissue. Psychomotor and emotional judgement is poor in the absence of oxygen. The mechanisms mediating cerebral vasodilation during hypoxia are not fully understood but may include neurogenic effects initiated by peripheral and neuraxial chemoreceptors,
Cranial Perfusion Pressure is the blood pressure in the brain that is required to maintain adequate circulation in the brain and thus maintain the important cerebral functions. Very low Perfusion Pressure in the brain will result in inadequate circulation to the brain and reduced oxygen and glucose supply to the brain with which it functions. The
Missed injuries, commonly referred to as the trauma surgeon’s nemesis, are an expected occurrence in the management of multiply injured patients. The definition of a missed injury is institution specific. Generally speaking, however, a missed injury is an injury identified at some defined time after the initial assessment. Missed injuries are not frequently life-threatening. However,
Nitrogen is present in the atmosphere and it constitutes 78.08% of total air. Moreover, the use of nitrogen is growing very rapidly these days. Use of nitrogen in medicine is helpful as it can be used as diluent of oxygen in order to avoid oxygen toxicity. It is stored in either compressed air or in
Autologous blood Transfusion Techniques: AutoIogous Blood The blood of a person himself is called as autologous blood. Usually, 3 to 4 units of patient’s own blood are taken 4 to 6 weeks before surgery but hematocrit should not be allowed to fall below 35% and hemoglobin less than 11 g%. The patient’s blood is transfused back
According to the chest pain guidelines the faster the diagnosis can be made and the occlusion reversed, the more likely the patient is to salvage myocardial tissue and benefit from improved outcomes. Cardiovascular disease is a dominant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and acute myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the
Heliox is a mixture of Helium and oxygen being considered for use in asthma patients. Therapeutic strategies for patients with pulmonary medicine often employ bronchodilators or corticosteroids to reduce airway resistance and improve airflow. As an alternative strategy, viscosity and density of the atmosphere manipulated to the same desired effect. Air consists of 21% oxygen, with
The components of blood are frequently used for transfusion, separately in different medical conditions. Many times whole blood may not be indicated and one component is sufficient for treating the patient. Packed Cell Volume (PCV) Among the components of blood, Packed Cell Volume is the most important and commonly transfused component. These are used when
