Critical Care

What causes Hypoxia

Clinical Causes of Hypoxia During Anesthesia Every doctor should know the answer to the basic question What causes Hypoxia . Factors responsible: 1. Preanaesthesia factors • Poor physiological status • Drug intake • Premedication with narcotics and sedatives depress the respiration • Decreased compensatory mechanism due to any cause 2. Decreased partial pressure and concentration of the inspired oxygen in […]

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Post operative hypoxia

Post operative hypoxia is caused by several factors :   I. General—patient’s factors Exaggerated preoperative problems such as: • Extreme obesity • Geriatric age • Pre-existing cardiopulmonary disease 2. Diminished inspired oxygen • Lack of oxygen supplementation devices • Excessive suctioning • Diffusion hypoxia after nitrous oxide 3. Impaired ventilatory inefficiency • Obstructed upper airway

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Ketamine Receptors

Ketamine receptors have GABAA receptor agonistic properties. Subanaesthetic doses of Ketamine receptors inhibits tonic convulsions induced by the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline. The GABAA receptor agonist, muscimol, potentiates ketamin induced anesthesia whereas, bicuculline antagonizes it. Opioid Receptors : Ketamine receptors has been reported to interact with opioid receptors in clinically relevant concentration. Other studies have suggested

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Treating carbon monoxide poisoning

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is currently used in various clinical treatment regimens like for treating carbon monoxide poisoning. These include decompression sickness, carbon monoxide poisoning, cyanide poisoning, gas embolus, gas gangrene, resistant anaerobic infections, and threatened split-thickness skin grafts. The mechanism of action in treating carbon monoxide poisoning purportedly involves increasing tissue oxygenation, which increases collagen

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Electrical burn

Electrical burn continue to be clinically and surgically challenging for surgeons and critical care physicians worldwide. Gross underestimation of the initial injury has repeatedly proven to increase morbidity and detrimental to the overall outcome. To briefly review, electricity is the flow of electrons through a conductor via the force of voltage. Voltage is categorized into

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Fever after burn

Virtually all burn patients have elevated core body temperatures and even a leukocytosis. Thus, fever after burn patients is not a reliable indicator of infection. One study in children found that fever had no predictive value for the presence of infection and physical examination was a more reliable source of information about wound infection and

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Infected burn

Despite the great strides made over the last decades in improving survival after thermal injury, infectious complications remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Nearly 50% of all burn deaths are related to infected burn. Several factors contribute to the high incidence and severity of infection in burn patients. First, a profound immune suppression

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Postoperative management of a kidney transplant recipient

The postoperative management of a kidney transplant recipient requires meticulous monitoring of urine output and electrolyte levels. Renal allografts will not necessarily make urine as soon as they are reperfused. Depending on the particular center, the incidence of delayed graft function ranges from 5% to 15% in cadaveric and from 0% to 5% in live

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Cardiac Output is not Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction

A common mistake made by many clinicians is that they confuse cardiac output for Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction. Lets see how Cardiac Output is not Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction . Cardiac output equals the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute, whereas stroke volume (SV) is the amount pumped on a single beat. Cardiac output

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