A lot of Doctors and famous anesthesiologists have contributed to the evolution of the science of anesthesia. Their hard work and discoveries have made anesthesia a safe and crucial field in pain management and as a medical specialty. The discovery of Nitrous oxide was a major breakthrough, that was later found out to be a
Excess Oxygen can cause pulmonary oxygen toxicity which results in a lot of damage to the body tissues. To summarize briefly, the excess oxygen can cause, pulmonary toxicity, Acute respiratory distress syndrome, rertolental fibroplasia, convulsions and Paul burt effect. Here we will be dicussing the mechanisms of these tissue injuries that occur with use of excess oxygen. The following the changes
A common question that arises while studying respiratory physiology is what is minute ventilation and minute volume. The minute ventilation is the amount of air a person breaths in a minute. The minute ventilation is calculated by the multiplication of the tidal volume and the respiratory rate. What is minute ventilation? The normal tidal volume
Doxapram injection Doxapram is a specific respiratory stimulant. It stimulates the respiratory center preferentially and has relatively less effect on cortical and spinal sites. Following intravenous doxapram injection the drug stimulates ventilation and increases cardiac output and work. Doxapram dose It is given in a dose of 1-1.5 mg/kg by intravenous injection. Intravenous infusion can also
First recognized 50 years ago and used as xenon gas anesthesia in 1957, used for orchidectomy in a 81- year-old. The patient woke up after 2 minutes. Xenon, a by-product of oxygen production during fractional distillation of air. It is said to be a noble gas and is present in air 0.0000087%. Rediscovered in 1990, it
The growth is reflected in the specialty of Neuroanesthesia Monitoring . These advances result in an abundance of data on which the treating physician can base his clinical decision. Every branch of medicine is advancing at a fast pace with the introduction of newer diagnostic modalities, treatment options and identification of more reliable prognostic indicators.
All hypnotics drugs act on different subunits of GABA receptors. Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA): This is a major inhibitory amino acid Neuro Transmitter in the brain; its synthesis from glutamate is catalyzed by the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase. It binds to either GABA-A or GABA-B receptor following its release from the presynaptic vesicles. GABA-
A lot of anesthetic gases can be dangerous when used in a low alveolar ventilation anesthesia. This is because the anesthetic gases can combine with soda lime or other components of the boyles machine and produce poisonous gases. It is also known as low flow anesthesia where low fresh gas flow is set in a closed circuit or a semi closed
Ether is still very rarely used in many Developing countries like India. First public demonstration of ether was given by W.T.G. Morton on I6th October 1846 for the removal of jaw tumor. Physical Properties of Ether : • It is pungent smelling liquid decomposes in presence of light, air and heat so stored in amber
One of the Isoflurane respiratory effects is that, Isoflurane causes bronchodilatation by inhibiting bronchoconstriction. As with other potent vapours, isoflurane impairs both ventilatory drive and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction leading to hypercapnia and V/Q mismatch. In asthmatic patients due to its lack of arrhythmogenic potential, drugs like aminophylline or agonists such as salbutamol may be less
