Nitrous oxide induction agent is a weak anaesthetic agent and not suitable as a sole anaesthetic agent. Nitrous oxide induction agent is used to hasten inhalational induction of anaesthesia due to its “concentration and second gas effects”. There is a smooth and pleasant induction. The recovery from anaesthesia is rapid; however, a “diffusion hypoxia” […]
Understanding Granisetron’s Use in Anesthesia for Nausea and Vomiting When undergoing anesthesia, one of the common side effects that patients may experience is nausea and vomiting. These unpleasant symptoms can not only cause discomfort but also delay the recovery process. To alleviate this, healthcare professionals may administer medications like granisetron. In this article, we will
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CEA Anesthesia or Carotid endarterectomy anesthesia can be general or regional or combined. Here is a discussion on the relative advantages and disadvantageous of the different types. Mc CaI Thyet al conducted a prospective, randomized trial investigating patient experience of CEA Anesthesia under local or general anesthesia in 176 patients and found that the recovery
Enflurane metabolism is briefly discussed. About 80-90% of enflurane is eliminated in expired air, up to 5% is metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P450 (2E1) to difluoromethoxy difluoroacetic acid and free fluoride. Carbon monoxide may be produced in the presence of dry soda lime or baralyme, at higher temperatures and higher anaesthetic concentrations. Also while studying
The Upper Respiratory Anatomy starts with the nose, which is an essential organ for breathing and conditioning of the air. The main respiratory functions of the nose are to provide passage to the air as well as the warming and moistening of the air. The next part is the pharynx, which is further divided into
In Isoflurane cardiac function , the effect is that the cardiac output is maintained due to the slight increase in heart rate reflexly due to hypotension. There is a dose-dependent decrease in arterial pressure due to peripheral vasodilatation and myocardial depression, less than that due to halothane. There is a selective coronary vasodilatation and decrease
There is very little airway irritation, hence used for inhalation induction especially in children. One of the halothane respiratory effects is that it is a potent respiratory depressant, reduces tidal volume and alveolar minute ventilation. The ventilatory response to raised Paco2 and reduced Pao, may be reduced due to depression of peripheral chemoreceptors in the
Cardiovascular effects of inhalation anesthetics occur on all aspects of cardiovascular function, namely, inotropic, chronotropic, dromotropic and lusitropic state of the heart. Their effects are as follows: a) Myocardial b) Coronary circulation c) Conduction d) Circulation Cardiovascular effects of inhalation anesthetics produce dose-related myodial depression of LV, RV and LA contractility as well LV diastolic
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What is Tidal Volume? Tidal volume (VT) is a fundamental parameter in respiratory physiology, representing the amount of air that is inhaled or exhaled during a typical breathing cycle. It is a crucial aspect of pulmonary function that aids in understanding an individual’s respiratory health. Tidal volume is measured in milliliters (mL) and varies among
These are classified as high flow Oxygen Delivery Devices and low flow Oxygen Delivery Devices. Classification of Oxygen Delivery Devices in non intubated patient : 1. High flow (fixed performance) delivery systems. 2. Low flow (variable performance) delivery systems. As the high flow oxygen delivery devices have already been discussed, let us see what the low
