Circulatory system and Enflurane Mechanism Action : Enflurane reduces BP due to vasodilatation as a result of decrease in SVR and cardiac depression. There is increase in heart rate and reduction in cardiac output. It does not sensitize the heart to catecholamines or stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. The margin between adequate anaesthesia and unacceptable hypotension
Sevoflurane metabolic effects are seen when approximately 5% of the dose is metabolized by the liver, catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (2E1) enzyme. While Sevoflurane metabolic effects are studied we see that, it is broken down to hexafluoro isopropanol (HFIP) and fluoride ions. Hexafluoro isopropanol is conjugated with glucuronic acid to form HFIP glucuronide and excreted
What is Nitrous oxide gas ? Nitrous oxide gas is a Gaseous Anesthetic agent. Nitrous oxide gas is a colorless, inorganic gas with a sweet taste. The oxygen in the nitrous oxide molecule is not available for tissue respiration as nitrous oxide does not undergo significant decomposition in the body. Nitrous oxide gas, if administered
Anesthesia for Interventional Neuroradiology has progressed from minimally invasive therapy to complex interventional radiology. In the past, anesthesiologists used to be called for resuscitation after some catastrophe had occurred. Interventional neuroradiology (or endovascular neurosurgery) is the radiologically guided endovascular approach to lesions of the central nervous system or its related circulatory structures to deliver therapeutic
Posterior fossa is a tight infratentorial compartment which harbors vital centers like cerebellum, pons and medulla. Anesthesia for Posterior Fossa Surgery is employed in carious types of space-occupying lesions, i.e., cerebellar tumours, cerebellopontine angle lesions, medulloblastoma, brainstem glioma occur in this area. The patients with posterior fossa tumor presents with features of raised intracranial pressure, brain
Anesthesia gases are the gases used to anesthetize a patient for surgery. The common gases used in general Anesthesia are: Oxygen Nitrous Oxide Air Halothane Sevoflurane Desflurane Isoflurane and many more… Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the popular anesthesia gases and is not metabolized in human tissue, however it reacts with vitamin 812 and
Endotracheal intubation complications can be intraoperative, postoperative or delayed. The following are the immediate intubation complications that are commonly seen: Esophageal intubation: This is a hazardous complication. Can be done as a mistake. If not detected in time can cause severe hypoxia and even death. This can be easily be detected by measuring carbon dioxide
Ether effects all the systems of the body. A brief account is given below. Ether effects on Cardiovascular system: It does not depress myocardium rather it stimulates sympathetic system causing tachycardia and hypertension. Baroreceptor reflex is preserved with ether so ether can be used safely in patients with shock. Respiratory system: It does not depress respiration rather
Isoflurane renal effects are minimal, only 0.2% metabolites are excreted in the urine and fluoride excretion is minimal. In patients for renal transplantation where there is a risk of arrhythmia, due to alteration in plasma electrolyte concentration, release of renin and catecholamines; there is hemodynamic stability. Skeletal muscle tone is reduced to a greater extent
An important part of rapid sequence induction is Cricoid pressure was first described by Sellick in 1961, hence it is called as sellicks manoeuvre. The Cricoid pressure is used for the compession of the upper esophagus to close the aspiration of gastric contents during rapid sequence intubation. Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents occurs usually in
