One of the Isoflurane respiratory effects is that, Isoflurane causes bronchodilatation by inhibiting bronchoconstriction. As with other potent vapours, isoflurane impairs both ventilatory drive and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction leading to hypercapnia and V/Q mismatch. In asthmatic patients due to its lack of arrhythmogenic potential, drugs like aminophylline or agonists such as salbutamol may be less […]
Desflurane inhalation agent was synthesized by Dr Terell (1992) among 600 compounds. Desflurane inhalation agent is a halogenated ether. It has the lowest blood/gas solubility coefficient amongst all inhalation agents, including N20, hence quick induction and recovery. Et does not contain chlorine or bromine, so it does not deplete ozone layer in the atmosphere. Physical
Nitrous oxide inhalation anaesthetic is a gaseous inhalation agent first described in 1799 by Hamphrey Davy and introduced by Horace Wells (1846), a dentist, into clinical use in the US and it is still in use. Physical properties: Nitrous oxide inhalation anaesthetic is a colourless, sweet smelling and non-irritant gas, bp-88°C, slightly heaver than air.
N20 is minimally metabolized. Nitrous oxide metabolism shows us that N20 oxidizes the cobalt in vitamin B12, converting the monovalent form to bivalent form which fails to function as a methyl carrier. Nitrous oxide metabolism is an irreversible oxidation. Vitamin B12 is a cofactor for methionine synthetase and is involved in the production of 5,10
First recognized 50 years ago and used as xenon gas anesthesia in 1957, used for orchidectomy in a 81- year-old. The patient woke up after 2 minutes. Xenon, a by-product of oxygen production during fractional distillation of air. It is said to be a noble gas and is present in air 0.0000087%. Rediscovered in 1990, it
One of the Sevoflurane cardiovascular effects is that the Sevoflurane has minimal effect on heart rate. There is a fall in systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure, but less than isoflurane. Also Sevoflurane cardiovascular effects are complex such as the pulmonary arterial pressure is also reduced. There is a lesser depression of left ventricular systolic
Sevoflurane Inhalation anesthetic was synthesized by Baxter Laboratories (1960) but introduced into clinical practice in Japan in 1990, now widely used the world over. Unlike isoflurane it does not exist as an optical isomer, it does not have an asymmetric atom. It contains only fluorine atoms, so it does not affect the ozone layer in
Enflurane Structure is a halogenated methyl ethyl ether and is an isomer of isoflurane. Enflurane structure makes it a colourless liquid, noncorrosive to aluminium, iron as well as copper, non-flammable, stable to light and UV light, does not need a chemical stabilizer. Physical properties: The bp is 56.5°C, The SVP 172 mm Hg (22.9 kPa),
Circulatory system and Enflurane Mechanism Action : Enflurane reduces BP due to vasodilatation as a result of decrease in SVR and cardiac depression. There is increase in heart rate and reduction in cardiac output. It does not sensitize the heart to catecholamines or stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. The margin between adequate anaesthesia and unacceptable hypotension
In Isoflurane cardiac function , the effect is that the cardiac output is maintained due to the slight increase in heart rate reflexly due to hypotension. There is a dose-dependent decrease in arterial pressure due to peripheral vasodilatation and myocardial depression, less than that due to halothane. There is a selective coronary vasodilatation and decrease
