The Bronchopulmonary Segments are the functional units of the lungs involved in he gaseous exchange. The lungs have the following Bronchopulmonary Segments on the right side: 1 Right main bronchus 2. Right upper lobe bronchus 3. Right middle lobe bronchus 4. Right lower lobe bronchus 5. Apical segment bronchus 6. Posterior segment bronchus 7. Anterior
There is rapid desflurane induction of anesthesia because of low solubility in blood, but a mask induction may produce coughing, breath holding, secretions and desaturation. Also the high initial percentage of desflurane induction may cause tachycardia and hypertension due to sympathetic effects. It is not recommended for inhalation induction. Recovery from desflurane induction is faster
Flow Volume Loops are more sensitive and informative in detecting pulmonary diseases than conventional spirometry. Modem microprocessor controlled recording spirometers automatically generate these flow volume loops. The following are the parameters that are assessed in the Flow volume loops. TV= Tidal volume IRV = Inspiratory reserve volume IC = Inspiratory capacity ERV = Expiratory reserve
The Effects of Nitrous oxide in neuroanaesthesia has been questioned many times due to its detrimental effects on the cerebral vasculature and the brain tissue. However, there are no large-scale outcome studies to approve or disapprove its continued use in neuroanaesthesia. Nitrous oxide has been used in neuroanaesthesia for many years. Intraoperative analgesia with haemodynamic
Pentazocine injection is a synthetic narcotic analgesic derived from benzomorphan. Pentazocine Potency Its analgesic potency of 30 mg is said to be equal to 10 mg of morphine or 75 to 100 mg of pethidine. Pentazocine Dose The usual dose in adults is 20 to 60 mg i.m. (about 1 mg/kg). The oral dose ranges from
Halothane is a widely used inhalational agent. Physical Properties of Halothane : It is colorless liquid, volatile anesthetic. Pleasant to smell so excellent for induction in children. Stored in amber colored bottles and contains thymol 0.01% as preservative (to prevent decomposition by light). Non inflammable, non explosive. Nonirritant, so induction is very smooth. Boiling point
The endotracheal tube position should always be confirmed because the correct placement of the tube is essential for proper ventilation of a person. If the endotracheal tube position is not correct within no time the patient can become hypoxic due to the unavailability of oxygen to the lungs. The tube may be wrongly placed in
Phenoperidine a new opoid Phenoperidine is chemically related to pethidine and is similar to fentanyl. It is one of the new opioids available now for use in anesthesia for analgesia and as a pre anesthesia medication. Phenoperidine potency One milligram of this new opioid drug is equianalgesic to 100 mg pethidine. Phenoperidine Onset and Duration of
High Flow oxygen delivery devices are also called as fixed performance devices because their performance is not affected by changes in patient’s tidal volume and respiratory rate and therefore deliver accurate oxygen concentration. High Flow oxygen devices are more effective in treating hypoxemia then low flow systems. Disadvantages of High Flow oxygen devices are: a. Low patient
CEA Anesthesia or Carotid endarterectomy anesthesia can be general or regional or combined. Here is a discussion on the relative advantages and disadvantageous of the different types. Mc CaI Thyet al conducted a prospective, randomized trial investigating patient experience of CEA Anesthesia under local or general anesthesia in 176 patients and found that the recovery
