Etomidate pharmacology is studied using following points. In etomidate pharmacology we find that Etomidate is a potent, direct cerebral vasoconstrictor. It decreases cerebral blood flow and CMRO2 in an independent manner. The cerebral metabolic effects of etomidate are secondary to its effect on neuronal function. As a result, previously increase ICP is lowered by etomidate […]
The detailed description of half life of phenobarbital is discussed here. Thiopentone produces hypnosis within 30 to 40 seconds of intravenous injection. For the half life of phenobarbital , the time required for equilibration of the brain with the thiopental concentration in the blood (effect-site equilibration time) is rapid. Recovery after a small dose is
Of interest to the clinicians is that, while appearing minimally responsive to endogenous BNP, heart failure patients will effectively respond to exogenously administered BNP which is nesiritide drip. In patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema due to acute decompensated heart failure, plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) measurements can guide the diagnosis, distinguishing this etiology of dyspnea
The exact site of mechanisms of action of inhalation anesthetics is not certain but possible sites are macroscopic (CNS-brain), microscopic (axons and synapses) and molecular (pre- and postsynaptic membranes). Hence, the possible mechanisms of action of inhalation anesthetics is varied: a) Multiple receptor sites b) Motor inhibition at spinal cord level c) Many neurotransmitters are
Barbiturates list is explained in detail in this article. Thiopentone is prepared commercially from highly alkaline solutions as sodium salt that is readily soluble in water or saline. It is supplied as a yellowish, hygroscopic powder. The pH of a 2.5% solution of thiopental is 10.5. The following is a list of Barbiturates in common
Treatment modalities in pain management play an important role when dealing with different circumstances which include the following : 1. Treatment of Disease (Cancer) in pain management : After the diagnosis and confirmation, appropriate therapy has to be started, especially for symptom ‘pain’. Symptom like mucositis, dysphagia etc, can be controlled by using local anesthetics,
Visual analogue scale for pain intensity is a numerical pain rating scale which uses a 10 cm line with the numbers ranging from 0-10. Patients points out the number that corresponds to the level of pain they are feeling. The significance of the numbers must be explained to the patient. Intensity of the pain is
Diazepam IV is a highly lipid-soluble benzodiazepine with a more prolonged duration of action compared with midazolam. Diazepam IV is dissolved in organic solvents (propylene glycol, sodium benzoate) because it is insoluble in water. Dilution with water or saline causes cloudiness but does not alter the potency of the drug. Injection by either the IM
Etomidate sedation infusion can be used as a suitable alternative for neuroanesthesia when nitrous oxide is contraindicated. Etomidate sedation (100 micrograms/kg/ minute) has been used as a part of total intravenous anesthetic technique with a mean recovery time of about 10 minutes. The infusion is associated with minimal incidences of side effects such as thrombophiebitis
Oral transmucosal etomidate produces dose-related increases in sedation and clinically significant serum concentrations. Animal studies documented etomidate as highly permeable through the buccal mucosa with rapid onset and offset suggesting that oral transmucosal etomidate might be useful when brief mild to moderate sedation with rapid recovery is desirable. Oral transmucosal etomidate exhibited linear pharmacokinetics with
