Many drugs are metabolized to active metabolites. This is usually carried out by the liver in the form of reductions, oxidations, and the addition of methyl, acetyl, and other groups. watchesbest.org While metabolites are usually a fraction as potent as the parent compound, in some situations they may be more potent and may accumulate to […]
Fetal distress can be caused by a host of factors; most notably, hypoxemia and hypovolemia are dangerous for the viable fetus. It is not uncommon for a pregnant patient to be affected by critical illness. Examples of nonobstetric maladies that lead to intensive care unit admission among pregnant women are hematologic issues (venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolus,
Chronic atrial fibrillation (A fib) has an incidence of 0.4% in the general population (approximately 10% of those more than 60 years of age) and many of these patients are admitted to intensive or intermediate care units for reasons unrelated to this diagnosis. Chronic atrial fibrillation needs to be clearly differentiated from new-onset atrial fibrillation
Virtually all burn patients have elevated core body temperatures and even a leukocytosis. Thus, fever after burn patients is not a reliable indicator of infection. One study in children found that fever had no predictive value for the presence of infection and physical examination was a more reliable source of information about wound infection and
Withdrawal from alcohol is a serious and common complication associated with hospitalization that can result in the condition known as delirium tremens. Many patients who consume alcohol cease drinking on or prior to admission for both voluntary and involuntary reasons. A patient does not need to be an alcoholic by medical definition to be at
Dextrans are a type of colloids and are used for intravenous transfusion. The Dextran Injection is aavailable as Dextran 70 (mol. wt. 70,000 Daltons), Dextran 150 (mol. wt. 1,50,000 Daltons) and Dextran 40 (mol. wt. 40,000 Daltons). Dextrans are polysaccharides. These solutions can be stored for 10 years. Half life of dextrans is 2 to
Although mannitol remains the mainstay of hyperosmolar therapy, Hypertonic Saline Infusion is an alternative to mannitol. The main theoretical justification for using Hypertonic Saline Infusion stems from the fact that an intact BBB is less permeable to saline than to mannitol. In clinical reports of intracranial hypertension from various causes, HS has been shown to
Nitric oxide Inhalation may cause selective reversible dose-dependent pulmonary vasodilatation. It improves ventilation and perfusion of lungs, so beneficial in adult respiratory distress syndrome. It helps to reduce pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. It was known to be atmospheric pollutant produced by internal combustion of engines. It possesses various biological functions—there
In adult with normal hemoglobin and hematocrit blood losses more than 20% of their blood volume (or hematocrit falls below 30%) are to be replaced with blood (while in western countries replacement may be required on loss more than 25 to 30%). A few important indications of transfusion of blood are mentioned below. • Losses
Clinical Causes of Hypoxia During Anesthesia Every doctor should know the answer to the basic question What causes Hypoxia . Factors responsible: 1. Preanaesthesia factors • Poor physiological status • Drug intake • Premedication with narcotics and sedatives depress the respiration • Decreased compensatory mechanism due to any cause 2. Decreased partial pressure and concentration of the inspired oxygen in
