Post operative hypoxia is caused by several factors : I. General—patient’s factors Exaggerated preoperative problems such as: • Extreme obesity • Geriatric age • Pre-existing cardiopulmonary disease 2. Diminished inspired oxygen • Lack of oxygen supplementation devices • Excessive suctioning • Diffusion hypoxia after nitrous oxide 3. Impaired ventilatory inefficiency • Obstructed upper airway […]
Virtually all burn patients have elevated core body temperatures and even a leukocytosis. Thus, fever after burn patients is not a reliable indicator of infection. One study in children found that fever had no predictive value for the presence of infection and physical examination was a more reliable source of information about wound infection and
In the atmosphere it is present in the concentration of 0.003%. It is stored as high pressure gas in the cylinders. There are several effects of helium Inhalation . The medical diagnostic utility is secondary to its low density, insolubility and thermal conductivity. • Molecular weight is 4. • Specific gravity is 176. • It
The aim of the airway device is to prevent the tongue fail. The tip of airway gets inserted between tongue and posterior pharyngeal wall and thus prevents the tongue failing back on posterior pharyngeal wall. The various usages of the airway device are: As an alternative to intubation where difficult intubation is anticipated. Securing airway in
The European—American Consensus Conference in 1993 provided working definitions of Acute Lung Injury and ARDS to improve diagnostic consistency and interpretation of the results of clinical and epidemiological studies. Both Acute Lung Injury and ARDS are characterized by the presence of hypoxemia and pulmonary infiltrates without elevated left atrial pressure. The two conditions are distinguished
Cyanide Toxicity can occur with sodium nitroprusside. Hypertension is commonly seen in the perioperative setting as well as the intensive care unit (ICU). There are many agents to lower blood pressure with different mechanisms of action. One of the most potent vasodilators is sodium nitroprusside, which causes arteriolar and venous smooth muscle relaxation via nitric oxide-mediated
Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is common with an estimated 8,000 to 10,000 new cases in the United States each year. The mean age of presentation is 31 years and the majority of patients are male. SCI is associated with significant long-term disability and mortality. Etiology Spinal cord injury has traditionally been classified as traumatic
Unstable pelvic fractures include disruption of the ring anteriorly at the symphysis pubis or through a pubic bone and are broadly categorized into three types: anterior-posterior open book pelvic fracture, lateral compression fracture, and vertical shear malgaigne pelvic fracture. Pelvic fractures from blunt force trauma are broadly categorized as either stable or unstable based on
Open book pelvic fracture and Malgaigne pelvic fracture Read More »
Dextrans are a type of colloids and are used for intravenous transfusion. The Dextran Injection is aavailable as Dextran 70 (mol. wt. 70,000 Daltons), Dextran 150 (mol. wt. 1,50,000 Daltons) and Dextran 40 (mol. wt. 40,000 Daltons). Dextrans are polysaccharides. These solutions can be stored for 10 years. Half life of dextrans is 2 to
Synthetic oxygen carriers are also called as artificial blood or substitute blood. The Synthetic oxygen carriers are substances that can be used as alternatives to blood, when blood is required to be transfused to a patient. These Synthetic oxygen carriers or artificial blood is especially useful if due to some reason compatible blood is not
