McNarry and Goldhill compared ACDU Scale (Alert, Confused, Drowsy, Unresponsive) and AVPU scale (Alert, responds to Voice, responds to Pain, Unresponsive) by the American college of surgeons with GCS scale for neurological assessment of critically ill ward patients. Just like GCS the ACDS Scale is a method to assess the neurological status and level of […]
Clinical studies using this strategy have claimed that even Normal Cerebral Perfusion Pressure values as low as 50 mm Hg are well tolerated with 8% mortality, and good recovery at 6 months after injury with little or moderate disability in 80% of patients. An increase in MAP may increase brain oedema. Therefore, lower intravascular pressures
The growth is reflected in the specialty of Neuroanesthesia Monitoring . These advances result in an abundance of data on which the treating physician can base his clinical decision. Every branch of medicine is advancing at a fast pace with the introduction of newer diagnostic modalities, treatment options and identification of more reliable prognostic indicators.
The Effects of Nitrous oxide in neuroanaesthesia has been questioned many times due to its detrimental effects on the cerebral vasculature and the brain tissue. However, there are no large-scale outcome studies to approve or disapprove its continued use in neuroanaesthesia. Nitrous oxide has been used in neuroanaesthesia for many years. Intraoperative analgesia with haemodynamic
CEA Anesthesia or Carotid endarterectomy anesthesia can be general or regional or combined. Here is a discussion on the relative advantages and disadvantageous of the different types. Mc CaI Thyet al conducted a prospective, randomized trial investigating patient experience of CEA Anesthesia under local or general anesthesia in 176 patients and found that the recovery
In normal Blood Brain Barrier functions the effective pore size of cerebral capillaries is 7-9 A°. This small pore size does not allow movement of small ions, i.e, Na, K and C1. Therefore, the fluid movement across the Blood Brain Barrier Functions is determined by the ‘total’ osmotic gradient, generated both by large molecules and
Anesthesia for Carotid Endarterectomy is of proven benefit to reduce the risk of stroke in patients with high-grade stenosis of the internal carotid artery. Since the disease is atherosclerotic in origin, these patients often are prone to a variety of cerebrovascular and myocardial complications during the perioperative phase. Anesthesia for Carotid Endarterectomy demands excellent haemodynamic
Excess Oxygen can cause pulmonary oxygen toxicity which results in a lot of damage to the body tissues. To summarize briefly, the excess oxygen can cause, pulmonary toxicity, Acute respiratory distress syndrome, rertolental fibroplasia, convulsions and Paul burt effect. Here we will be dicussing the mechanisms of these tissue injuries that occur with use of excess oxygen. The following the changes
A lot of anesthetic gases can be dangerous when used in a low alveolar ventilation anesthesia. This is because the anesthetic gases can combine with soda lime or other components of the boyles machine and produce poisonous gases. It is also known as low flow anesthesia where low fresh gas flow is set in a closed circuit or a semi closed
Wong baker pain assessment tool is used in the patients who do not have appropriate cognitive level to use a number scale, like lay persons or children. The patient then points out to face best represents how he/she is feeling at that point of time. The patient must be explained correlation between each face and
